Zhu Lizhi: Cold Thinking Behind the "Continuous Increase in Grain"

Cold thinking behind the "continuous increase in grain"

zhu Lizhi

the Cost of Resources and Environment in the 1. of "Continuous Grain Increase"

the continuous growth of food for many years should indeed be a joy for a country with a large population like ours. However, we must also see how much resource and environmental costs we have paid behind the "continuous increase in grain.

In order to make every effort to increase grain production, China applies a large number of chemical fertilizers and pesticides every year, which leads to the aggravation of agricultural non-point source pollution year by year. What is even more frightening is that the grain production promoted by chemical fertilizers has drained the organic matter of the land; the grain production guaranteed by pesticides has injected more and more toxins into the land.

As early as more than three centuries ago, the British economist Pi said: "Land is the mother of wealth, and labor is the father of wealth." This sentence, especially for Chinese people who have a small per capita land area, should always be kept in mind.

It is hard to imagine how far our "continuous increase in grain" can go on the road of predatory land management. Now is the time for us to come up with a great wisdom of food development strategy.

2. "storing grain in the ground" and changing the way of increasing grain

to solve the problem of long-term sustainable development of food, although it involves many aspects, the author believes that the focus should be on the land: the problem of low soil organic matter must be solved, the soil aggregate structure must be restored, and toxic components in the soil must be reduced......

Once the soil problem is solved, even if the growth rate of grain is small, it is not terrible at all, because "the grain is hidden in the ground, and the heart is not panic."

to solve the problem of soil, the author thinks that the best way is to vigorously develop circular agriculture. The material circulation system in agriculture is like the human blood circulation system. If this system is blocked, people will not be healthy. Similarly, if circular agriculture is not done well, it is impossible for agriculture to develop healthily and sustainably. All places are doing agriculture with noses and eyes, but whether this noses and eyes agriculture is healthy or not depends on its appearance. It depends on its "blood circulation system", that is, whether there is a problem with its material circulation system, for example, Whether the straw is recycled, whether the livestock and poultry manure is recycled. If we do a good job in the article of circular agriculture, the "blood circulation system" of agriculture will be sound, the organic matter content of the soil will continue to increase, the physical and chemical properties of the soil will become better and better, and the quality of cultivated land will be solved. In such good land, food is bound to grow sustainably.

In other words, if we do a good job in the article of "storing grain in the land", we can constantly take grain from the land.

3. division "relative fallow", take the road of macro-grain increase.

The emphasis on steady food growth cannot be interpreted as an annual increase in food production in all regions. There is a difference between growth and development, argues Mattia Sen, a Nobel laureate in economics. Growth in the wrong place and at the wrong time can undermine sustainable development.

The author believes that although we cannot implement the cultivated land fallow system like western countries, we can implement "relative fallow" on some cultivated land, that is, we can allow no increase in grain production or even a certain amount of reduction in grain production on these cultivated land, as long as it does not endanger the overall macro grain increase plan of the country (in fact, this grain increase plan can also be discounted, at least it can be adjusted between years). For example, "relative fallow" was implemented in areas outside the 13 major food-producing provinces and in non-major food-producing counties within the major food-producing provinces ".

"Relative fallow" is not permanent. When the production capacity of cultivated land in these areas is restored to a certain extent, it will inevitably make a great contribution to the growth of grain, and even partially replace the main grain producing areas, so that the main grain producing areas can make time to carry out local rotation of "relative fallow".

We advocate rotational grazing on the grassland, which accounts for more than 40% of the land area, so that the grassland can be cultivated and nourishing. Can't we let the scarce and precious cultivated land, which accounts for about 10% of the land area, "take a breath?

Make 4. use of international resources to ease domestic pressure

it should be said that there is potential for China to import grain through international trade. As for how big it is, everyone has different views. I personally believe that we cannot always regard "responsible powers" as "responsible powers" and should play a positive role in "the stability of the international food market. Imagine that if my country's food cannot grow sustainably for a long time, it cannot be said to be a "big country in charge". After all, our population and area account for a large proportion of the world, and we are responsible for China and are the first to be a "responsible big country". Should be considered.

Look at other countries. Japan, for example, is desperately importing all resources. Coal and some important minerals are buried in the ground after being imported, and even timber is imported to accumulate stocks. Looking at how the United States and Europe treat food, according to statistics from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. consumed more than 90 million tons of corn to produce ethanol fuel in 2008, accounting for 30% of its corn production that year, which can be eaten by 0.5 billion people for one year. According to the plan, by 2030, the United States will produce 0.127 billion tons of corn for ethanol fuel. In order to achieve sustainable development, Europe has made great efforts to develop biodiesel by using rapeseed, soybean and other raw materials. In 2007, the EU produced about 8 million tons of biodiesel. In 2010, the production capacity of biodiesel reached 13.5 million tons, equivalent to consuming 15 million tons of vegetable oil, which can be consumed by 0.8 billion people for one year. The result of the development and utilization of grain and oil-based biomass energy is that "the cars of the rich eat the bread of the poor", but Europe and the United States promote local sustainable development in this way. But at the same time, our country is spending a lot of treasury to buy European and American government bonds.

Another aspect of making good use of international resources is to carry out agricultural development on other people's land. From the current point of view, our process in Africa is not ideal. We think that "I have the technology and you have the resources". However, in Africa, people are the biggest constraint. How to solve it requires a higher level. Top-level design. In addition, in South America, Russia and other countries, our cooperation mechanism must be innovated, and scientific strategic thinking is urgently needed.

5. the development of "three-dimensional grain" strategy to supplement the shortage of "cultivated land grain"

in the future, China's grain development should take the "three-dimensional grain" strategy of "cultivated land grain" as the main and "mountain and water grain" as the supplement, and change the single "cultivated land grain" pattern, which can not only improve China's food security, but also reduce the pressure on valuable cultivated land resources. China has vast waters and vast mountains, but in the food category, aquatic plant starch has been ignored, and the production potential of mountain forest plant starch has not been fully utilized. During the three years of natural disasters, farmers at the water's edge and in the mountains basically relied on these non-arable grain to survive. In normal years, we immediately forgot these precious grain resources.

Aquatic plant starch and mountain forest plant starch in China not only has great potential, but also has many health functions, which is a kind of healthy food starch. For example, pueraria starch is not only rich in carbohydrates and crude protein, but also contains isoflavone pentapuerarin, puerarin xycoside, daidzein, arachidic acid and other ingredients. Banana taro, also known as banana lotus root, ginger taro and konjac, has very strong vitality. The roots and tubers remaining in the soil after being harvested in winter can sprout and multiply in the following year. Its starch is rich in nutrition and does not contain fat. It is a suitable food for all ages. Fern root, also known as bracken and Wuluo, is widely distributed in the world. Barren hills all over our country grow. Its rootlike stems and vines grow in the soil and contain 30%-35% starch. It has the effects of strengthening body, health and cancer prevention. Acorn is the fruit of the oak tree in the mountains, also known as oak and millet, and its starch flavor is unique. The cakes and snacks made with it are very popular with consumers. Every 100 grams of wild lily contains 28.7 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of crude protein, 1 gram of crude fat, vitamins, carotene, pantothenic acid, colchicine, etc. Its starch is a food with high economic value.

Mountains, waters, fields, and forests are the source of food everywhere, and the development of a "three-dimensional food" strategy will be promising.