The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013

《2013 the State of Food Insecurity in the World presents the latest estimates of undernourishment and progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and World Food Summit hunger-related targets. The latest assessment results show that we have made new progress in achieving the 2015 Millennium Development Goals. Developing regions as a whole are on track to achieve this goal, but there are still huge differences between regions, and we need to increase our efforts immediately. More efforts.

The purpose of the 2013 report is not only to measure food insecurity, but also to propose a set of indicators intended to reflect the multidimensional nature of food insecurity, its determinants and consequences. A comprehensive set of data will be developed for each country based on this set of indicators to provide a more detailed picture of the food security situation in each country and to guide policymakers in the design and implementation of targeted and effective policy measures to contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition.

The report also provides a detailed analysis of the different experiences of six countries, based on a set of indicators, which gives us a picture of the intersection of progress and setbacks. The experiences of these countries have shown us together the importance of social protection and nutrition-enhancing interventions, policies to increase agricultural productivity and promote rural development, diversification of sources of income, and relentless mainstreaming of food security and nutrition into public policies and programmes.

· 2011-13 during the year, global estimates of total8.42 hundreds of millions of people, more than 1/8 of the world's population, suffer from chronic hunger and lack access to adequate food for an active life. This figure is down from the 2010-12 0.868 billion. The total number of undernourished people has fallen by 17 per cent since 1990-92.

· developing regions as a whole are on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals on hunger1 great progress has been made in this regard. If the average annual rate of decline over the past 21 years is sustained until 2015, the incidence of undernourishment will fall very close to this target. If this goal is to be achieved, more efforts and actions must be taken immediately.

· growth helps to raise incomes and reduce poverty, but higher rates of economic growth are not guaranteed to benefit all, there is no guarantee that more and better jobs will be created for all, unless policies explicitly target the poor, especially the rural poor. In poor countries, the only way to alleviate hunger and poverty is to achieve sustained and beneficial growth.

· despite the overall progress that has been made, there are still significant differences between regions. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest incidence of undernourishment, with little progress in recent years. West Asia has made no progress, while South Asia and North Africa have made slow progress. Most countries in East and South-East Asia and Latin America have shown significant declines in both the estimated number and incidence of undernourishment.

· food security is a complex state. It contains multiple dimensions-availability, access, utilization, and stability-that can be better understood through a range of indicators.

· inadequate food and inadequate nutrition can go hand in hand. However, in some countries, the prevalence of undernutrition (expressed as the proportion of stunted children) is much higher than the prevalence of undernourishment (expressed as the lack of dietary energy availability). In these countries, nutrition-enhancing interventions play a critical role in improving nutrition in food security. Improvements require a range of food security and nutrition-enhancing interventions in agriculture, health, sanitation, water supply and education, particularly targeting women.

· policies aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and food availability, especially those targeting small farmers, contribute to poverty reduction, even when poverty is widespread. When these policies are combined with social protection and other measures that can increase the income of poor households for food, they can generate dynamic markets and create employment opportunities, resulting in more positive results, promoting rural development and achieving equitable economic growth.

· globally, remittances are three times larger than ODA and have a significant impact on poverty and food security. The report argues that remittances help to reduce poverty, thereby reducing hunger, improving diets and, when matched by sound policies, increasing investment on farms.

· persistently mainstreaming food security and nutrition into public policies and programmes is a key to achieving poverty reduction. Food security and agriculture should be placed at the top of the development agenda through comprehensive implementation of reforms, an improved investment climate, and sustained social protection, which are essential to significantly reduce poverty and undernourishment.

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