Oasis miracle: Israel relies on technology to use every drop of water

2013/11/27 14:15:00 China Quality News Network

content Summary for a long time, the water resource problem has always been the main factor restricting the development of Israeli agriculture. Since the 1960 s, with the development of industry and scientific progress, Israel has been actively exploring water resources while also continuously developing new water-saving agricultural irrigation technologies and methods, and extending them to agricultural production, striving to produce more with a small amount of aquatic products. Agricultural products.

At present, the alarm bell of the world freshwater crisis has sounded, and "how to deal with the threat of water" has been prominently placed in front of the people of all countries. The experience of Israel, a West Asian country, is worth learning from and using water through technology to make full and rational use of water resources.

Half of the territory of Israel has a typical arid and semi-arid climate, with most of the land covered by hills and sand. The unfavorable climatic conditions and natural environment, as well as the urgent requirements of the development area, have prompted Israel to develop its own resources, tap its potential, develop agricultural production according to local conditions, and take a unique road of scientific and technological development.

government to guide water conservancy construction

since 1953, Israel has started to build a national water transmission project and implemented the "North-South Water Diversion Project": that is, the fresh water from Lake Galilee, which is 208 meters above sea level in the north, is extracted and transported southward to the southern Inner Gef Desert.

This project will first pump the lake water to a height of 365 meters, and then use a pipeline with a diameter of 2.74 meters to transport it to the south, passing through tunnels, canals and canals along the way, and using closed pipeline lines and pressurized pumping stations and other different procedures and methods to transport it through thousands of meters of pipelines. It connects the water supply network in the central and southern regions-the production and domestic water in residential areas in agricultural areas. The annual pumping capacity is 0.64 billion cubic meters, and the development of groundwater in Israel is strictly controlled to avoid depletion and salinization of water resources.

In terms of water delivery management, the state has set up MEKOROT National Water Company to manage it. In addition to managing water delivery projects, the company is also engaged in related businesses such as drilling wells, purifying seawater, brine and sewage.

Israel's "Water Law" stipulates that all water resources in the country belong to the state and are specifically used for the needs of national economic construction and residents' living needs, and set up a water conservancy committee to formulate water policies, as well as water and soil conservation, prevention and control of pollution, wastewater purification, seawater desalination and other specific work related to the development and management of water resources. A council is set up within the committee, of which 1/3 are appointed by the government and 2/3 are representatives of water user units in various industries.

Each year, the Water Commission allocates 75 per cent of its water consumption to agricultural operators. It is used for farmland irrigation, and then the council of the committee formulates different water allocation quotas according to the different water consumption of various crops in agricultural production, such as vegetables, flowers, and fruits.

Advanced water-saving technology management

for a long time, the problem of water resources has always been the main factor restricting the development of agriculture in Israel. Since the 1960 s, with the development of industry science with progress, Israel is actively tapping water resources, while also constantly developing new water-saving agricultural irrigation technologies and methods, and extending them to agricultural production, striving to produce more agricultural products with a small amount of aquatic products.

Intensify the use of recycled water, and use the sewage generated by industrial and urban production and life for agricultural irrigation after centralized purification treatment. The same is done for the water used in life after desalination. In order to help agricultural operators to use more secondary purified water, the price of purified water is low. If the poor purified water is simply treated by farm farmers themselves, the price is cheaper. At present, 0.23 billion cubic meters of purified water are used for agricultural production in Israel every year, accounting for 19% of the total 1.2 billion cubic meters of agricultural water. In the future, 1/3 of agricultural water can be used with sewage purified water, which not only saves water resources, but also avoids the pollution and erosion of limited land resources and environment caused by the large amount of waste water discharged into Israel to a large extent, Therefore, it is greatly conducive to the protection of land and ecological environment. Continuously build additional water accumulation facilities to maximize the collection and storage of natural precipitation resources during the rainy season for production and planting during farming.

Popularize the use of pressure irrigation techniques and methods. The so-called pressure irrigation includes sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. Israel's agricultural irrigation has experienced several revolutions of flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, and each revolution is a great leap in agricultural irrigation technology. The drip irrigation equipment now produced by the NETAFIM Drip Irrigation Company can supply water ranging from 1 to 20 liters per hour. This irrigation system is very suitable for fine planting. Compared with other irrigation systems, the advantages of drip irrigation are obvious: it saves water resources. Drip irrigation supplies water directly to the plant roots, reducing the evaporative loss of water. It does not irrigate the soil, but irrigates the roots of plants, and can also deliver fertilizer and water to crops. Maintain good aeration of the soil, reduce the degree of soil salinization and reduce the growth of weeds; Farmers do not have to stay in the field during irrigation, but can also engage in other fertilization, pruning, harvesting and other work. The amount of pesticide can be reduced, thus saving capital and labor input, and ultimately reducing the production cost of farming.

The invention and development of drip irrigation technology is a milestone in the history of the development of Israeli agricultural production technology in recent decades, and it is Israel's greatest contribution to the world's agricultural irrigation and methods. At present, pressure irrigation is used in irrigated land throughout Israel, which has reduced water consumption per unit area by 50-70%, while water utilization has been greatly improved and agricultural water use has been greatly reduced.

Israel has introduced new irrigation techniques and equipment every year, and now it has derived buried irrigation from drip irrigation, as well as other irrigation methods such as spray irrigation and spread irrigation.

Relying on this set of water-saving technologies and systems, Israel has developed agriculture in the river valley and built oases in the desert, making Israeli agriculture enter the agricultural ranks of developed countries.

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