The New Pattern of Agricultural Development under the Global Centennial Changes: Pressure Challenges and Countermeasures -- A Summary of the 2021 Member Congress and Academic Seminar of the China Foreign Agricultural Economic Research Association

Li Tianxiang Wan Yue Yi Fujin

in 2021, the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary; this year is also a key historical node for starting a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and marching towards the second centenary goal, which is of landmark significance in the process of China's modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that without the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, there would be no modernization of the whole country. To build a modern socialist country in an all-round way, the "big head" and "heavy head" are in the "three rural areas", and the foundation and potential are also in the "three rural areas". In 2021, the Central Committee's "No. 1 Document" pointed out that "we must insist on solving the'three rural issues' as the top priority of the whole party's work, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization as a major task to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The power of society accelerates the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, so that the majority of farmers can live a better life."

as a result of the neo-coronary pneumonia epidemic, the pattern of global economic development is undergoing profound changes, and China's economy has withstood the impact and taken the lead in achieving positive growth among the world's major economies, which is inseparable from the solid foundation of domestic food security and the steady development of agriculture and rural areas. However, the impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic is still continuing, and the risks of instability and uncertainty in the global political and economic pattern are increasing day by day, so it is undoubtedly of special significance to explore the path of modernization of China's agriculture and rural areas under the new development pattern based on a global perspective in order to better cope with various new problems and challenges. In this context, the 2021 Member Congress and Academic Seminar of the China Foreign Agricultural Economic Research Association (referred to as the "2021 Meeting") with the theme of "The New Pattern of Agricultural Development under the Great Global Changes in a Century" was held from October 23 to 24. It was successfully held in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. The meeting was jointly sponsored by the China Foreign Agricultural Economic Research Association and the Rural Development Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and hosted by the School of Economics and Management of Nanjing Agricultural University. This annual meeting coincides with the 100 anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Agricultural Economics of Nanjing Agricultural University, the first department of agricultural economics of China University. More than 200 experts and scholars from more than 100 universities and scientific research institutes at home and abroad, including the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhejiang University, China Agricultural University, and Central University of Finance and Economics, attended the meeting and exchanged views, and conducted in-depth discussions on the new challenges, new ideas and new plans of global and China's agricultural development under the century.

New Challenges and New Pressures of Global and Chinese Agricultural Development under the Great Changes in the 1. Century

the world today is at the confluence of a major change unseen in a century and a major epidemic unseen in a century. International political relations are unstable, economic globalization is encountering countercurrents, unilateralism, protectionism, and populism are on the rise. Natural disasters and emergencies such as extreme weather, diseases and insect pests have entered a period of frequent occurrence around the world, resulting in an increasingly complex agricultural international trade environment (Chen Zhigang and others, 2020; Cheng Guoqiang, Zhu Mande, Zhu, 2020), the channels of international agricultural cooperation, foreign investment, and technological exchanges are blocked, which not only exposes the vulnerability of the international agricultural product industry chain and supply chain, but also brings a major test to global food security and agricultural development.

Global agricultural trade and food security risks are increasing in (I)

the global food security situation is not optimistic. In his keynote report entitled "Global Food Security Governance", researcher Li Xiande of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences pointed out that due to factors such as the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, about 2.37 billion people worldwide will not have access to adequate food in 2020, accounting for nearly one-third of the world's total population. In the context of the global pandemic of neo-coronary pneumonia, the volatility of international commodity markets such as energy and the slow recovery of the world economy, the employment and income of residents in many parts of the world, especially in some poor countries, have been greatly affected, especially the livelihoods and livelihoods of small farmers and other vulnerable groups have been seriously threatened, and the food security situation is likely to deteriorate further. In addition, the lack of a unified coordination mechanism for global food security governance, the mismatch between the international food aid system and global food security goals, the intensification of anti-globalization trends and unilateralism, and the lack of reform momentum and supervision and accountability mechanisms for global food security governance, to a certain extent, has also cast a shadow over the prospects for countries around the world to work together to improve global food security.

International cooperation in agriculture is at risk of being blocked. Researcher Zhang Lubiao, Director of the Center for Foreign Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, pointed out in his keynote report entitled "A New Pattern of Agricultural Opening-up under the New Situation" that the outbreak and spread of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic has led to serious challenges for global agricultural economic cooperation in the industrial chain, supply chain and value chain. Taking China's agricultural foreign cooperation as an example, the analysis of Yu Min, an associate researcher at the Foreign Economic Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, combined with research data, shows that the new coronary pneumonia epidemic has a significant impact on China's agricultural foreign investment, mainly as follows: first, the epidemic has led to the closure of many ports and the grounding of flights, and the global transportation of agricultural materials and agricultural products has been seriously hindered; second, the strengthening of epidemic prevention measures has led to a significant increase in global transportation costs; third, the epidemic has exposed enterprises to higher default, delayed payment and exchange rate risks; fourth, the intensification of the big country game has led to an unfavorable external investment environment, with two-thirds of Chinese enterprises' overseas agricultural investment projects in a closed or semi-closed state, and more than 50 per cent of new overseas agricultural investment projects suspended.

Uncertainty in the international agricultural market and trade environment is highlighted. Since the outbreak of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, more and more countries have adopted a "beggar-thy-neighbor" trade policy in pursuit of self-protection, which has not only exacerbated the short-term supply and demand tensions and food price volatility in the international food market, but also contributed to the spread of bad expectations and panic in the market, with a serious impact on global food security and economic and social stability. Research by Cai Qingru and other scholars at Nanjing Agricultural University shows that from January 1, 2020 to July 26, 2021, a total of 69 countries (regions) around the world implemented 3485 outbreak-related agricultural trade measures for 197 agricultural products. Among them, there are 1320 import promotion measures, accounting for about 38%; 1150 import restriction measures, accounting for about 33%; 1015 export restriction measures, accounting for about 29%, involving varieties including rice, wheat, corn, vegetables, sugar, vegetable oil, etc. Overall, trade restrictions have been an important factor in disrupting global food flows and volatile food prices during the neo-coronary pneumonia epidemic, and nearly half of the export restrictions are still in place today and are likely to continue to affect global agricultural trade patterns for some time to come. With the unknown development of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, the rise of trade protectionism and the lack of effective international regulation of agricultural trade restrictions, volatility, uncertainty and increased risk may become the new normal in the international agricultural market.

China's agricultural development is difficult to survive under the high level of (II) and opening up

although China has effectively guaranteed domestic food security and market supply and price stability for important agricultural products during the neo-coronary pneumonia epidemic, this does not mean that China will be able to fully protect itself from the international environment against the backdrop of severe global food security and increasing risks in the international agricultural market. The reason behind this is that China's agriculture is no longer a closed agriculture, but a highly open agriculture, especially in the 20 years since China's accession to the WTO, with the improvement of the degree of opening up of agriculture to the outside world, China's agriculture has been rapidly, comprehensively and deeply integrated into the world agricultural economic system (Zhu Jing et al., 2018). In 2020, China's total agricultural trade volume exceeded 246.83 billion US dollars, ranking the second largest agricultural trade country in the world. Among them, imports reached 170.8 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world; exports reached 76.03 billion US dollars, ranking fifth in the world. At the same time, China's bulk agricultural products showed a comprehensive net import pattern, with the ratio of grain imports to domestic grain production of more than 1:5, and the import of grain, cotton, oil, sugar, meat and milk equivalent to the output of more than 1 billion mu of sown area (Zhu Jing et al., 2021). These data fully show that the relationship between China's agriculture and the world market is getting closer, and the degree of mutual integration and mutual influence of domestic and international "double cycles" is deepening.

Based on this, researcher Zhang Lubiao, director of the Foreign Economic Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, particularly emphasized in the keynote report that it is necessary to correctly understand and take a clear view of the current situation of China's highly open agriculture, and comply with the new situation and requirements of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization., To promote the construction of a new pattern of high-quality development of agricultural trade and agricultural foreign cooperation. China's agricultural and rural modernization must adhere to the concept of open development, plan from a global perspective, seek development in international competition, and maintain stability and growth in the overall planning of the "two markets.

2. Consolidating the Foundation of Internal Circulation: New Practice and New Ideas of Agricultural and Rural Modernization with Chinese Characteristics

the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to speed up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. To take the domestic cycle as the main body is to deal with the uncertainty of the international cycle with the certainty of the domestic cycle. In the field of agriculture, focusing on how to consolidate the foundation of domestic circulation, how to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the realization of agricultural and rural modernization, the participating experts and scholars promoted urban-rural integration, improved the property rights system, promoted consumption upgrades, and promoted agricultural industrialization, equipment and technology. Systematic and in-depth discussions were conducted at different levels.

(I) promotes urban-rural integration

promoting the two-way opening up of urban and rural areas and solving the problems of large development gap between urban and rural areas and poor two-way flow of elements is a main direction of smooth domestic circulation. The report of the 19th CPC National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and establish and improve the institutional mechanism and policy system for the integrated development of urban and rural areas in accordance with the general requirements of industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and affluent life. we will speed up the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Professor Kong Xiangzhi of Renmin University of China emphasized in the keynote report entitled "How to Integrate Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from Four Cities (Districts)" that counties should be regarded as an important entry point for the development of urban-rural integration, strengthen the comprehensive service capabilities of counties, and build towns into services The regional center of farmers realizes the convergence and complementarity of county and rural functions; promotes urbanization with county towns as an important carrier, and builds county towns in accordance with small city standards in areas where conditions; we will promote the orderly flow of urban and rural elements, equal exchange and balanced allocation of public resources, adhere to the principle of subsidizing agriculture with industry and leading the countryside with cities, and promote the formation of a new type of urban-rural relationship between workers and farmers, complementary urban and rural areas, coordinated development and common prosperity. At the same time, urban-rural integration should be multi-faceted and multi-dimensional integration, including spatial integration, infrastructure integration, public service integration, social security integration, employment industry integration and many other aspects. Through the case analysis of Zhucheng City in Shandong Province, Pidu District City in Sichuan Province, Yixing City in Jiangsu Province and Tongcheng City in Anhui Province, Professor Kong Xiangzhi further discussed the development path of urban-rural integration in different regions from the aspects of factor allocation, industrial development and public services.

The two-way flow and integration of urban and rural population is the only way to improve the well-being of residents. Around the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Professor Qian Wenrong of Zhejiang University stressed in the keynote report entitled "two-way flow and integration of urban and rural population and common prosperity in rural areas", which proposed "solidly promoting the two-way flow and integration of urban and rural population, It is necessary to accelerate the transfer and integration of some rural population to cities and towns under the guidance of new urbanization, in order to reduce the contradiction between people and land in the countryside, so as to realize the large-scale operation of agricultural land and the modernization of agriculture; it is also necessary for agricultural operators to obtain income not lower than the average social income, so that rural entrepreneurs can obtain their due profit level, so as to attract talents who understand agriculture, love the countryside, have feelings, capital and ability to go to the countryside and integrate into the countryside. Professor Qian Wenrong believes that in order to promote the two-way flow and integration of urban and rural population in the future, we should not only improve the system and mechanism construction of the integration of urban farmers into the city, but also strengthen the construction of the system guarantee system for the integration of village personnel into the countryside: first, we should deepen the reform of rural land system, promote the urbanization of rural residents, and let the countryside enter; the third is to deepen the reform of the agricultural management system, promote the professionalization of agricultural management, and make the countryside stay; the fourth is to deepen the reform of the rural construction system, promote the marketization of rural management, and make the countryside a big stage for entrepreneurship.

Optimizing the spatial layout of urban-rural integration development is a prerequisite for building a new type of urban-rural relationship. Professor Wang Lei of Soochow University pointed out that safe, stable, and high-quality production and supply of agricultural products are the foundation for maintaining the normal development of society, and scientific rural planning is the basis and guarantee for the realization of the above overall goals. The Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022) clearly states that it is necessary to coordinate the development space of urban and rural areas and optimize the layout of rural development. Chen Ming, an associate researcher at the Institute of political science, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that at present, China's rural areas are still facing problems such as insufficient public services, abandoned land and excessive investment in construction. Based on the comparative study of Japan and China, Associate Researcher Chen Ming proposed that at this stage, China should strengthen the overall management and systematic connection of various plans to promote the development of urban-rural integration, and form a planning system of urban-rural integration, regional integration, and multi-planning. Specifically, the first is to scientifically determine the central place, with the county seat or above as the central place and the large town as the auxiliary central place; the second is to carry out relevant reforms to the land system, encourage large cities to build their own houses into the market, and consolidate suburban villages into the market. Relax the land planning control of small cities and explore the "package" exit mechanism of rural rights and interests; the third is to promote the reform of rural governance system and promote the reconstruction of county and township powers and responsibilities, the scattered settlements are assigned to large surrounding villages and towns for district management.

Promoting urban resource elements to the countryside is an important measure to promote the balanced development of urban and rural areas. A case study based on Jiangsu experience by researcher Xu Zhiming of the Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences pointed out that at present, China's urban resource elements are facing the urgent need to improve the institutional mechanism of the government and the market to promote the market, the huge potential of the marketization of rural assets and resources needs to be released, the "blocking points" and "pain points" to accelerate the development of rural industries need to be opened up, and the rural livable and industrial environment needs to be improved. He believes that to better promote urban resource elements to the countryside and realize rural revitalization and common prosperity, the key is to break through these obstacles and focus on the following four aspects: first, to promote industries to the countryside and speed up the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries; second, to promote elements to the countryside to stimulate rural elements, main bodies, and market vitality; and third, to promote services to the countryside to achieve balanced development of urban and rural public services; the fourth is to improve the policy system and strengthen the financial guarantee and policy support for urban industries, elements and services to the countryside.

(II) improve the property rights system

to strengthen the institutional supply of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization, we should focus on improving the property rights system and the market-oriented allocation of factors, consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, deepen the reform of the rural land system, and further promote the reform of the rural collective property rights system.

Clear ownership of land property rights and perfect land system arrangement are of great significance for improving the efficiency of land resource allocation and promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Based on a systematic review of the changes in China's rural land system over the past 100 years since the founding of the Party, Associate Professor Zhao Mingzheng of Henan Agricultural University pointed out that the development of productive forces is the fundamental driving force to promote the change of China's land system, the attribution of land use rights affects production efficiency, and the attribution of land ownership affects the fairness of distribution. An empirical study by Guo Junping, an associate researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on the impact of homestead confirmation on illegal land occupation and housing construction in rural areas shows that homestead confirmation has the dual effect of suppressing the probability of occurrence and reducing the stock of illegal land occupation and housing construction in rural areas. Professor Gao Qiang of Nanjing Forestry University focused on the analysis of the path selection and mechanism design of farmers' contracted land withdrawal. He believes that the lack of farmers' land withdrawal mechanism at this stage may hinder the development of modern agriculture in China to a certain extent, and it is also not conducive to the realization of farmers' land property functions. He believes that under the guiding principles of "improving the system and adhering to the bottom line; complying with laws and regulations, respecting public opinion; fairness and justice, voluntary compensation; prudent advancement to ensure stability; preventing risks, and key breakthroughs", we should make good use of the second round of rural land contracts. The window period of expiration conforms to the historical trend of urbanization and citizenization, strengthens top-level design, and accelerates the construction of a paid exit mechanism for farmers' contracted land and homesteads.

Deepening the reform of the rural collective property rights system is an important institutional arrangement to promote the development and growth of the new collective economy and to increase farmers' income and wealth. The empirical research results of scholars such as Gong Yanling of Southwest University show that the reform of rural collective property rights system is conducive to promoting the development of village collective economy, and mainly promotes the growth of income and subsidy income of rural collective economic organizations in the current year, but has a certain inhibitory effect on the operating income of village collective. Compared with underdeveloped areas, the reform of rural collective property rights system has a better effect on promoting the development of village collective economy in developed areas, the development of village collective economy in underdeveloped areas depends more on financial support. They believe that, in general, the current development of China's rural collective economy still mainly depends on external power, that is, relying on social capital or government subsidies, and relying on its own resources to achieve endogenous development is still insufficient. The research of Professor Gao Jing of Southwest University further emphasizes that only the government's institutional coordination ability, the market competitiveness of enterprises and the modern governance ability of village collectives can be condensed into the "three haves" coordination of "promising government, effective market, and capable collectives". In order to achieve the development goals of the new collective economy; to enhance the endogenous driving force for the development of the new collective economy, it should be based on the clear definition of property rights, focus on breakthroughs from the following three levels: global coordination and integration to improve the efficiency of cooperation between subjects; integration of diverse resources to condense the development of the collective economy; effective ecological integration to improve the sustainability of collective economic development.

(III) to promote consumption upgrade

the prosperity of farmers is one of the three goals of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. There are two meanings of affluence: one is to reach the level of affluence in income, and the other is to reach the level of affluence in life. Income is supported by industry, life is reflected by consumption, and industry and consumption are the fundamental aspects of realizing the endogenous cycle of rural revitalization.

It is also a key measure to speed up the construction of a new development pattern and stimulate the consumption potential and vitality of rural areas. Compared with urban residents, rural residents' consumption still has a large space for total growth and structural optimization. The results of using QUAIDS and EASI models to analyze the food consumption behavior of Chinese urban and rural residents show that income levels significantly affect the food consumption structure of Chinese urban and rural residents: the consumption of food, edible oil and eggs by urban and rural residents decreases with the increase of income, while the consumption of meat, aquatic products, vegetables and fruits increases with the increase of income, and the food consumption elasticity of rural residents is higher than that of urban residents; although China's ration consumption has reached saturation in both urban and rural areas, there is still room for growth in the consumption of aquatic products, meat, eggs, edible vegetable oil, vegetables and fruits. In addition to food consumption, the consumption demand of Chinese rural residents in other fields has also undergone major changes in quantity and quality. Diversified and high-grade emerging consumption demand has accelerated the formation and accumulation. It is expected that the consumption of Chinese rural residents will continue to grow in the total amount in the future, and the structure will continue to be optimized.

Promoting the upgrading of the consumption structure will help promote the transformation of production methods and the high-quality development of agriculture. Wang Shu and others from the Business School of Jiangnan University believe that green development is an organic part of the high-quality development of China's agriculture. Production and consumption represent both ends of product supply and demand. The green transformation in the consumption field helps to guide the greening of the production field. We should be guided by market demand and accurately grasp the trend of the upgrading of Chinese residents' consumption structure and the new characteristics of diversified, quality, green and enjoyable consumer demand, produce marketable, high-quality and low-cost agricultural products, and provide a variety of rural leisure, entertainment, health and other experience services. Fully tap the versatility of agriculture in leisure and sightseeing, ecological conservation, cultural inheritance, etc., and gradually release the value of these functions through the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, ecological benefit compensation and other ways, so that agriculture can harvest the value of multiple functions while harvesting material products (Ye Xingqing, 2020). This will not only help to better improve the people's sense of gain, satisfaction and happiness, but also provide a broader operating space and more diverse for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, accelerating agricultural and rural modernization, and promoting farmers' income and wealth. Problem-solving ideas.

(IV) promote agricultural industrialization, equipment and science and technology

the key to promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas is to improve the level of industrialization, equipment and science and technology, that is, it is necessary to build a modern rural industrial system, strengthen the support of modern agricultural science and technology and material equipment, and do a good job in the seed industry.

Rural revitalization, industry first. As for how to expand and strengthen the characteristic industry, at the round table forum of "planting and breeding cycle and modern mountain high-efficiency characteristic agriculture development" specially held at this annual meeting, the participating experts and scholars put forward a series of enlightening ideas. Professor Li Xiaoyang of Southwest University pointed out that the development of high-efficiency agriculture in mountainous areas is inseparable from the "three major systems", that is, to solve the problem of low degree of organization of farmers through the management system, to solve the problem of weak market competitiveness through the industrial system, and to solve the input through the production system. The problem of low output efficiency. Professor Wang Deping of Southwest University of Science and Technology, taking Mianyang City as an example, believes that Mianyang has formed a mature model of two different types of planting and breeding cycle development: "large, medium, small and micro" cycle and "1 + N" cycle. Professor Kong Xiangzhi of Renmin University of China, researcher Chen Liangzheng of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and associate researcher Zhu Sizhu of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences emphasized the importance of formulating rural industrial development plans in accordance with local conditions and combining resource endowments, regional characteristics, industrial conditions, and product characteristics. Zhang Meng, an associate researcher at the Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and villages, believes that the development of mountain agriculture needs to adjust five major directions, namely, structural adjustment, ecological adjustment, brand adjustment, facilities adjustment, and technology adjustment.

Agricultural and rural modernization can not be separated from equipment and science and technology. As far as equipping is concerned, although China's agricultural mechanization and equipping have developed rapidly over the past decade or so, the level of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas still lags behind the national average. Professor Zhang Zongyi of Jiangsu University pointed out that at present, the cultivated land area and sown area in hilly and mountainous areas account for about 30%, and it is an important production base of grain, oil, candy and tea in China. If the mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas stagnates, then even if the degree of mechanization in non-hilly and mountainous counties reaches 100 per cent, the highest level of comprehensive mechanization of farming and harvesting in the country will only reach 81.4 per cent, failing to achieve the strategic goal of basically modernizing agriculture in 2035. Professor Zhang Zongyi further discussed the important enlightenment of Japanese land transformation to the development of agricultural mechanization in China: first, it is imperative to transform farmland in hilly and mountainous areas; second, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of laws and standards; third, it is necessary to strengthen investment; fourth, it is necessary to encourage farmers to participate highly. In terms of science and technology, Professor Xu Zhigang of Nanjing Agricultural University specially emphasized the importance of strengthening the innovation and protection of germplasm resources and fighting for the turnaround of the seed industry in his keynote report entitled "intellectual property protection, innovation mode and the development of China's seed industry under open conditions. On the basis of analyzing the difficulties and causes of the development of China's seed industry under the conditions of opening up, Professor Xu Zhigang put forward countermeasures to expand and strengthen national seed enterprises and speed up scientific and technological innovation in the field of seed industry: improve the supporting policy system of commercial breeding industry, guide the merger and reorganization of seed enterprises, promote seed enterprises to "bring in" and "go out", make full use of international high-quality resources, technology and market; strengthen intellectual property protection and market supervision, create a good environment for the seed industry to become stronger; strengthen the innovation leading position of seed enterprises, and optimize the allocation of scientific research funds.

3. Control of the External Cycle Initiative: China's Wisdom and China's Solutions for International Cooperation in Food and Agriculture Governance

under the new development pattern of "double cycle", to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate agricultural and rural modernization, it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of domestic cycle and attach great importance to the influence of international cycle. In the face of the current international agricultural market and agricultural trade environment with increasing volatility, uncertainty and risk, how to further upgrade the ability to utilize the international cycle and firmly hold the national food security initiative? The participating experts and scholars put forward relevant feasible solutions.

(I) Deepen Opening-up and Cooperation

"Openness brings progress, while closure is bound to lag behind". In the face of the instability and uncertainty of world economic growth, China must adhere to the road of openness, accommodation and win-win cooperation, and firmly safeguard the open world economy and multilateral trading system. This is especially true for the agricultural sector. As researcher Zhang Lubiao, director of the Foreign Economic Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, stressed in the keynote report, the correct choice for the agricultural sector to cope with the current unfavorable external economic and trade environment is to make full use of all opportunities and cooperate to meet all challenges; it should make active choices in response to changes in the international economic and trade environment, adjust actively to changes in the domestic supply and demand situation, and seize the opportunity of restructuring of the world's agricultural "three chains" industrial chain "(industrial chain, promote the construction of a new pattern of high-quality development of China's agricultural trade and agricultural foreign cooperation. Specifically: First, we must promote the integration of agricultural foreign investment and trade, and transform to the integrated development of agricultural "three chains"; second, we must promote the formation of a "one game of chess" work pattern, and continue to strengthen fiscal and taxation, financing, insurance, customs clearance and other policies. Coordination; The third is to actively build a new platform for agricultural foreign investment cooperation to help create a new pattern of global competition for enterprises; the fourth is to continuously improve public services such as information, law, talents, science and technology, and promote the quality of agricultural "going out", so as to better play the role of agricultural opening and cooperation in ensuring China's food security, serving the construction of the "Belt and Road", and promoting industry The positive role of transformation and upgrading and enhancing international discourse power.

(II) upgrade trade risk control capabilities

As the scale of China's agricultural trade continues to expand, the domestic agricultural market and the international market are more closely connected, and the volatility, uncertainty and risk of the international agricultural market become easier to transmit to the domestic market, and the impact becomes deeper (Zhu Jing et al., 2018). Under the background that a large number of agricultural products can not be avoided and the available border protection measures are limited, China should strive to improve its ability to control the international agricultural market and resources, and disperse and resolve the various trade risks faced by the import and export sides of agricultural products through the construction of active risk control system. Specifically, on the import side, Dr. Zeng Huasheng of Yangzhou University and Associate Professor Ding Cunzhen of Shandong Agricultural University all believe that the diversification strategy of agricultural products imports should be further promoted, the monitoring and early warning system of international food prices and import risks should be strengthened, and the management and control skills of imported risks such as international food price fluctuations should be upgraded to ensure that China's scarce agricultural products can be imported in sufficient quantity and stably even in emergencies. On the export side, associate researcher Xu Xiaojun of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences combined with the case analysis of Hainan, the only free trade port in China, and pointed out that it can be based on the global division of labor and adhere to misplaced competition, relying on innovative systems such as free trade ports and free trade zones. Arrangements and platform construction promote the export of China's tropical agriculture and other advantageous agricultural products to become bigger and stronger. In addition, researcher Zhang Lubiao and associate researcher Yu Min of the Foreign Economic Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have particularly emphasized the importance of participating in the construction of the global agricultural product industry chain and optimizing the layout of agricultural investment. They believe that relying on the "Belt and Road" initiative, RCEP and other multilateral agreement frameworks, we should vigorously support superior agricultural product brands and enterprises to "go global", and strengthen the international agricultural industry chain and supply chain through various methods such as trade cooperation, industrial investment, and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The investment layout of key areas and key links in the chain will enhance control and voice, and lay a solid foundation for the establishment of efficient, stable and reliable import channels for agricultural products, to create conditions for the export of advantageous agricultural products.

(III) Participation in Global Food Governance and Change

the initiative to control the international cycle requires not only strengthening the ability to control external imported risks, but also taking the initiative to create a stable global agricultural production, trade and food security environment by actively participating in international cooperation in food and agriculture governance. On the one hand, we should actively participate in the reform of global food security governance mechanism and the construction of international cooperation platform. Researcher Li Xiande of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences believes that on the basis of promoting multilateralism and the global governance concept of joint discussion, joint contribution and sharing, we should deeply participate in the reform and improvement of global agricultural trade and investment rules, and promote cooperation with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, and the World Food Program and other international organizations or institutions to create a new platform for global food cooperation and jointly maintain the stability of the global food market and trade order. On the other hand, it is necessary to make a forward-looking layout at the strategic and tactical levels, lead the setting of major issues for international cooperation in food and agriculture governance, upgrade the strategies and techniques of international agricultural negotiations and consultations, and promote WTO reform and the reshaping of international agricultural rules. In this regard, Li Tianxiang and Cai Qingru of Nanjing Agricultural University analyzed China's possible negotiation strategies and propositions around the vague provisions and typical precedents of domestic support rules in the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, the compliance of agricultural export restrictions and the direction of reform, respectively; yuan Yuan and Liu Zifei of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences elaborated China's plan and strategy for global fishery development from the aspects of promoting WTO fishery subsidy negotiations, optimizing the allocation of global fishery resources, and promoting international fishery cooperation. In addition, as a responsible major country, China should also uphold the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, actively promote the construction of a global food security guarantee system and coordinated governance of food security (Zhu Jing et al., 2021), and actively increase agricultural production technology and The export of capital to cooperate to enhance global food production and supply capacity, and help improve the food and nutrition security of the world, especially developing countries, helping the transformation and sustainable development of the global agri-food system.

4. summary and prospect

at the closing ceremony of this academic seminar, Zhu Jing, Dean of the School of Economics and Management of Nanjing Agricultural University, and Yuan Peng, President of China's Foreign Agricultural Economic Research Association, made a brief summary in turn. Professor Zhu Jing believes that this annual meeting coincides with the centenary of the founding of the party and the establishment of the first agricultural economics department of China University. The smooth convening of the meeting is of great significance. The meeting is closely related to current affairs and focuses on the theme. It has a rich agenda, innovative sections and fruitful results, which fully reflects the characteristics of innovative and high-quality meetings. In combination with her own research direction, she specifically mentioned that the current status of agriculture as a "ballast stone" in domestic development and its role as a strategic bargaining chip in the game of major powers have become increasingly prominent. The Economic Research Association can base itself on the advantages of the platform, highlight brand characteristics, and better serve the academic community and government decision-making departments. President Yuan Peng emphasized that the purpose and original intention of the China Foreign Agricultural Economic Research Association is to guide members to carry out academic research, actively learn from foreign development experience, tell Chinese stories, and contribute Chinese wisdom. While highly affirming the results of this conference, she also sent a message to members and scholars to enhance the "four consciousnesses" of academic research ". The first is the awareness of the pattern of research. Academic research must have a sense of historical depth and an international perspective; the second is the awareness of research problems, and academic research must raise valuable scientific questions; the third is the critical awareness of academic research, which requires the confrontation of ideas and The collision of viewpoints must be brave to raise questions and accept challenges; the fourth is the consciousness of serving the country, academic research must serve national strategy and social needs, to do indomitable learning and research.

In short, at this academic seminar, closely focusing on the theme of "New Pattern of Agricultural Development under the Great Global Changes in a Century", the participating experts and scholars promoted urban-rural integration, improved the property rights system, promoted consumption upgrades, and improved agricultural industrialization and equipment. And the level of science and technology, deepen agricultural opening and cooperation, and upgrade agricultural trade risk management and control capabilities, participating in the international cooperation in food and agriculture governance and other new development patterns in China's agricultural and rural development has conducted extensive and in-depth discussions on the main issues facing China's agricultural and rural development, which has provided a lot of useful policy enlightenment for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization, and also for future academic seminars. The convening of the conference has accumulated valuable experience. Looking forward to the future, standing at the new starting point of striving for the second centenary goal, based on the great changes in the world, how to further strengthen the construction of system and mechanism, optimize the policy supply to ensure the stability and long-term development of rural revitalization and common prosperity with Chinese characteristics; how to strengthen the top-level design, and promote the complementary advantages, coordination and mutual promotion of domestic and international "double circulation" in the agricultural field; how to accurately identify and accurately smooth the blocking points, silting points and pain points of the "double cycle", improve the efficiency of the overall utilization of the "two markets" and "two resources" of agriculture, and ensure that food security policies are linked to trade policies, and import and export regulation is coordinated with domestic supply and demand trends. The academic circles still need to carry out relevant theoretical and practical discussions on these issues in order to better serve the promotion of agricultural and rural modernization, the promotion of farmers' well-being and the realization of common prosperity.

References

1. Chen Zhigang, Zhan Yue, Zhang Yumei, Fan Shenggen, 2020: "The Impact of the New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic on Global Food Security and Countermeasures", China's Rural Economy, No. 5.

2. Cheng Guoqiang and Zhu Mande, 2020: "The impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic on food security: trends, impacts and responses", China's rural economy, No. 5.

3. Ye Xingqing, 2020: "The Development Trend and Strategic Adjustment of China's Agriculture since Joining the WTO", "Reform" No. 5.

4. Zhu Jing, Li Tianxiang, Lin Dayan, 2018: "China's Agricultural Products Trade in the Process of Opening Up: Development History, Problem Challenges and Policy Choices", Agricultural Economic Issues, No. 12.

5. Zhu Jing, Zang Xingyue, Li Tianxiang, 2021: "China's Food Security Risks and Their Prevention under the New Development Pattern", China's Rural Economy, No. 9.