Zhu Lizhi talks about sustainable agricultural development planning and innovation drive in agricultural development [China Net]
Zhu Lizhi on Sustainable Agricultural Development Planning and Innovation Drive in Agricultural Development
[China Net]
china Net:
welcome to China Interview World Dialogue. "Food is the most important thing for the people, and agriculture is the foundation for the country." China is a large agricultural country, and agriculture is not only an important part of China's economy, but also a practical aspect related to people's livelihood. At present, China has entered a new period and new normal. In the new period and new normal, it is urgent to promote development with innovation, create a new engine of development, and realize the sustained and stable growth of China's agriculture.
On May 27, the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight ministries and commissions jointly issued the "National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030)". Once the "Plan" was released, it caused a huge response. Then, what is the current situation of the sustainable development of agricultural science in China? How can China further promote the sustainable development of agriculture in the future?
Today, our studio is very honored to have Zhu Lizhi, the head of the expert writing group of the "Planning" and the chief scientist of the Agricultural Resources, Environment, Economy and Policy Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, to interpret the content of the "Planning.
China Net:
hello, Director Zhu, welcome to our program!
Zhu Lizhi:
hello, everyone!
China Net:
since the innovation-driven development strategy was put forward, it has produced a great impetus to the development of our country. How will this strategy guide the sustainable development of my country's agriculture in the agricultural field?
Zhu Lizhi:
it should be said that the sustainable development of agriculture must be driven by innovation fundamentally, mainly in three aspects: first, we should innovate the scientific and technological system. Second, we need to innovate in the management system and mechanism. Third, we need to innovate in the agricultural management system.
First, in the technical system. We know that the current agricultural technology system is basically the technical system of chemical agriculture, because we rely on a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as additives, hormones and antibiotics, which should all belong to the category of chemical agriculture. In the future, we should innovate this technical system and move towards a sustainable technical system, The key is to implement biological agriculture and physical agriculture.
For example, in agriculture, the objects of labor are some biological groups, animals and plants. If we do not understand the problems, we blindly use chemical reagents and chemical inputs, which will destroy the cooperative relationship between biological groups. We should make use of the principle of mutual growth and mutual resistance between biological groups to achieve the role of mutual win-win and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Biological agriculture will be an important development direction of our agricultural development in the future.
Physical agriculture, everyone knows that the growth of crops, including animals, requires the harmonious configuration of light, heat, water, and air. Through physical design, such as facility agriculture, after we match it reasonably, it will be beneficial to animals and plants. The creation of an environment for development is conducive to the creation of this harmonious environment.
For example, LED lights, recently we visited a base, LED lights monochromatic cold light, for different production periods of plants to give irradiation after it will be very robust production. In Zhejiang, we saw an enterprise that irradiated vegetable seeds, because a vegetable seed costs a few dollars, and many of our vegetable seeds are imported, which is very expensive. If the farmer takes it, it is easy to have a low germination rate, and one tree will lose several pieces. However, after a certain amount of light, the seed germinated 100%, and the seedling finally went to the field without a slow seedling stage, so it grew directly, and it was very strong, and the farmers liked it very much. These are all things that physical agriculture will do in the future. We are all very worried about the pollution of cultivated land, heavy metal pollution, heavy metal pollution not only harm food, such as cadmium rice in Hunan, but also some fruits and vegetables. There is a latest physical technology called attapulgite. After adding a certain amount of water to the field, it can adsorb heavy metals on it and finally bring it up. This is a technology that has been successfully identified by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In other words, there are still many technologies in this, and the future application prospects are relatively large. We can integrate physical agricultural technology and biological agricultural technology assembly into our traditional agricultural technology system, and get rid of the troubles of chemical agriculture on agriculture. This is technology. System innovation. You may still remember that in 2007, in the People's Daily, Xi Jinping, who was also the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, published an article, "Take a new path of efficient and ecological agricultural modernization." This is very important. The technology we want to innovate in the future. The system is an efficient and ecological agricultural technology system, which is the first aspect of innovation drive.
Second, innovation in management systems and mechanisms. Everyone knows that our water, soil, and agriculture are now scattered in different departments. This is very bad, but the status quo is like this. There are also the production area environment and comprehensive agricultural development, which are scattered in different departments, rather than the agricultural sector has the final say. What will this situation lead to? It will lead to dysfunction, or it will be absent, or it will overlap, and everyone will want to fight to manage it, and there will be overlapping functions. It can be said that our current situation is ridiculous. The rich projects have been taken away by those outside the agricultural sector. I am no exaggeration to say that the agricultural sector is responsible for the less rich projects in the agricultural, forestry, water and soil environment and comprehensive development projects. You can imagine that China's agriculture will not be able to innovate this system and mechanism in the future. Our innovation drive must be fully reflected in this. I also use a sentence from Comrade Xi Jinping. He once said that "mountains, rivers, fields, forests and lakes are the community of life". We must have unified control. If the management of the fields is only in charge of the fields, the water is only in charge of the water, the mountains are only in charge of the mountains, and the lakes are only in charge of the lakes, do you think about this management system. This is the second aspect I want to say, that the agricultural management system and mechanism must be driven by innovation.
Third, the agricultural management system must be innovative. We know that in the past, our agriculture was mainly primary production, but now we need to implement a new management system that integrates 1., 2. and tertiary production, and then a technological socialized service system. In the past, our technology mainly relied on the government's agricultural technology promotion station. In the future, the socialized technical service system will be all-around, flexible and dynamic. There is also a financial service system to keep up with. In the past, we neglected financial services in the rural area. In the future, we will not be able to keep up with this. With the growth of agriculture on a large scale, just like an enterprise, its capital is blood. If it is anemic and lacks funds, it cannot do well. Therefore, the financial service system must keep up and let our agriculture not be anemic.
The market service system must keep up. If the existing market service system continues, it will definitely restrict the sustainable development of our agriculture. Our market service system plus the "Internet" will have a greater take-off in the future. The management system must be innovated.
Innovation in these three areas must find our driving force.
China Net:
we pay attention to the strategy of innovation driven development in the national agricultural sustainable comparison plan for many times. How to reflect the requirements of the strategy in the implementation of the plan?
Zhu Lizhi:
the second article of the basic principles of the "Plan" stated that "we must adhere to the coordination of innovation-driven and legal governance", which highlights the importance of innovation-driven in the overall energy sustainable development plan. It is a requirement to grasp the drive with one hand and the rule of law with the other. Why do you say that? Because the legal system can not only guarantee our innovation drive, but also set up a reasonable track for innovation drive. For example, to protect technological property rights, etc., to prevent illegal acts from infringing, we must focus on innovation on the one hand and the legal system on the other. This is an important principle in our planning. There are still a few words in the plan to insist on innovation-driven, that is, "vigorously promote agricultural scientific and technological innovation and mechanism and system innovation", which is written in the plan. There is also "release the new vitality of reform, promote scientific planting and breeding, focus on strengthening the new driving force of innovation-driven development, and promote the change of agricultural development mode". This is a high degree of innovation drive in the second basic principle. And the "Plan" said, "By 2020, our contribution to scientific and technological progress will reach 60%." This relies on innovation-driven, not only relying on original innovation, but also relying on introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation, but also relying on integrated innovation. Because of agriculture, at present, I think we should pay special attention to integrated innovation, that is, to quickly connect the scientific and technological achievements of the existing inventory to agricultural production, which can play a huge role. For example, the technical model of ecological agriculture, as well as some technical models of circular agriculture, rely on a variety of biotechnology and physical technology for integrated innovation, which is what I just said, towards the model of integration of biological agriculture and physical agriculture, China's agriculture can really move towards the road of sustainable development in the future.
In addition, the "Plan" also highly emphasizes innovation-driven in the part of the security system. It has such a clause called "strengthening the innovation of the scientific and technological system and mechanism". For example, in terms of resource-saving technology, in terms of environment-friendly technology, and in terms of ecological conservation technology, we should promote collaborative co-management, not the kind of single-handed, one person doing one person, or one team doing one team. This is called institutional innovation. Looking for innovation drivers in this regard, we should organize and implement major scientific and technological projects and key projects. Innovation should be made in the way scientific research is organized. For example, the establishment of a national collaborative innovation alliance of agricultural science and technology, relying on the National Science and Technology Park to further integrate the scientific research forces of scientific research institutions, universities, and enterprises to carry out joint innovation. It is necessary to emphasize the improvement of the performance evaluation system of energy science and technology innovation, which is also a kind of innovation. If the performance evaluation system or incentive mechanism can not keep up, it can not find the real driving force in the innovation of science and technology system and mechanism. Make full use of the market mechanism and social capital to participate in agricultural science and technology. We have not done enough in the past, and we will increase our efforts in this regard in the future. It is also mentioned in the safeguard measures of the Plan to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which is also an important embodiment of innovation-driven. First of all, it means to create an educational platform for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, in accordance with the principle of win-win interests and shared risks, actively explore bases and projects and enterprises, as well as universities, production units and leading enterprises added by scientific research institutes, and some other agricultural cooperatives can also join in, and so on, the model of modern agricultural science and technology integration and release transformation should be innovated. There is also the need to further increase the reform and construction of the grassroots agricultural technology extension system, which is also very important. Although social forces must intervene, the current grassroots agricultural technology extension system is still a very important force, and further reform and innovation must be strengthened. It is also an innovation of the reward mechanism to create an evaluation mechanism for scientific and technological achievements and reward those who have made outstanding scientific and technological contributions in the field of agricultural sustainable development in accordance with the regulations.
China Net:
it can be said that the "National Agricultural Science Sustainable Plan" will guide the development of my country's agriculture in the next 15 years or even longer. From which aspects will the plan describe the blueprint for my country's agricultural development?
Zhu Lizhi:
the plan is described in two stages. The first is that by 2020, my country's sustainable agricultural development will achieve initial results, and the benefits in economic, social, and ecological aspects will be very obvious. This is mainly reflected in eight aspects. First, positive progress has been made in the transformation of agricultural development mode, which is the most important way. Second, the comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been steadily improved. Third, the agricultural structure is more optimized, because our current agricultural structure is not very reasonable. Fourth, the quality and safety level of agricultural products has been continuously improved, which is of great concern to everyone. Fifth, the protection level and utilization efficiency of agricultural resources should be significantly improved. If this fails to keep up, there will be no stamina for sustainable development. Sixth, the outstanding problems of the agricultural environment should be initially solved and phased achievements should be made. For example, the prominent problems of heavy metal pollution and groundwater funnel in North China should be solved in stages and achieved phased results. Seventh, the functions of important ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, lakes, wetlands, etc., should be effectively improved, restored, or even enhanced. Eighth, the decline of biodiversity should curb its trend, that is to say, the trend of decline should be controlled. This is the blueprint for 2020.
By 2030, we will mainly form a new pattern of sustainable agricultural development, basically forming it. In a word, "sustainable agricultural development should achieve remarkable results". This is also reflected in six aspects. First, the supply is strong. Second, efficient use of resources. Third, the environment of the producing area is good. The producing area of our agricultural products can no longer be so polluted, and we must have a good production environment. Fourth, the large agricultural ecosystem must be stable. We must know that agriculture is an ecological industry. If the ecosystem is not good, it cannot be sustainable. Fifth, farmers should be rich. Sixth, the idyllic scenery to be beautiful. This is a two-stage blueprint.
China Net:
In fact, China has carried out many years of agricultural sustainable development related to the discussion, what achievements have we made? What problems and challenges will we face in order to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture in the future?
Zhu Lizhi:
our traditional agriculture has done a very good job in sustainable development. You may know that there is a book called "Four Thousand Years of Farmers". This is Franklin King, the director of the Soil Bureau of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1911. He went to China in 1909 and spent 9 months in Asia. Three countries, first China, then Japan and South Korea. At that time, Japan and South Korea mainly learned from China, intensive farming and soil fertilization in agriculture, after he returned, he published a book in 1911 called "Four Thousand Years of Farmers", which talked about how China's agriculture is in harmony with nature's production methods. Because at that time, American agriculture was still a kind of extensive farming and extensive management, that is, one piece of land did not know how to fertilize, that is to say, after I planted one piece of land, I ran to another piece of land, and this piece of land was deserted. He did not know how to improve the fertility of the soil. After learning the practices of the Chinese people, he went back to publish this book, which is known as the first book to introduce the essence of sustainable agricultural development in the Western world. What does it mean? It means that our traditional agriculture is sustainable.
Later, our practice in the United States was also ready to learn, but their chemical fertilizers and pesticides came out, chemical fertilizers and pesticides were very simple, they used a large number of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, chemical fertilizers to improve soil fertility, pesticides to eliminate diseases and insect pests, very effective, they abandoned China's practice. Then later, China began to learn from them in the 1970 s and 1980 s. Especially in the 1970 s and 1980 s, we began to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the 1990 s, chemical fertilizer plants and pesticide plants were built everywhere in our country. This is the advanced experience of the West. We have to learn. As a result, we have forgotten our good traditional agricultural practices. In the 1980 s and 1990 s, especially in the 1980 s, the United Nations Conference on environment and development issued an important report, which had a great impact on the world. It was called "our common future". The concept of sustainable development was put forward for the first time. That is to say, we should take into account both contemporary people and future generations, that is to say, the concept of sustainable development was put forward for the first time. It has been discussed all over the world, and it began to be discussed in China in the 1980 s and 1990 s. Then we also conducted continuous discussions in the field of agriculture, especially in theoretical research and gradual experiments, we have done a lot of work. Up to now, we have begun to comprehensively plan the stage of in-depth implementation, that is, this "plan" has come out. When this "Plan" came out, we actually made some achievements. After all, there have been many years of theoretical discussions and gradual experiments. The first achievement we have achieved is in theoretical discussions, and then I will talk about the ability in practice. In terms of theoretical discussion, especially this time our "Plan" summarizes our country's theories in this area over the years, and then defines what is the definition of sustainable agricultural development with Chinese characteristics.
First of all, at the level of basic definition, we have a few words called "sustainable agricultural development refers to the rational use of agricultural resources, effective protection of the agricultural ecological environment, and ensuring that the needs of contemporary and future generations for agricultural products are met." That is, not only the present but also the future generations, which is a basic definition level we say so. In terms of development strategy, we have another sentence, which is called "through technological progress, structural adjustment and institutional innovation, we should gradually realize the coordinated development of society, economy and ecology." This is a key development strategy.
In addition, we also define the core work, that is, "sustainable agricultural development must pay attention to three types of agriculture", three types of agriculture-resource-saving, environment-friendly, and ecological conservation. In the past, we all know that we have been engaged in two types of agriculture for a long time, that is, resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture. I said that agriculture is an ecological industry, and it will definitely not be able to do well if it does not rise to a higher ecological level. Therefore, in this sustainable development plan, we have proposed a new third type-ecological conservation type, and formed Three types of agriculture-resource-saving, environment-friendly, and ecological conservation. From the perspective of resources, environment and ecology, we should grasp the core work of agricultural construction in an all-round way. Because when talking about resources, we mainly focus on profits. When talking about the environment, we focus on influence. When talking about ecology, we pay more attention to coordination and coordination, that is, how to develop cooperatively between biology and the environment. Agriculture is an ecological industry. If this coordinated and symbiotic system is not well established, our agriculture cannot be sustainable. Only when the three-type agriculture is established can our agriculture have the stamina for development, ensure our food security, and promote the construction of the entire social ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization is inseparable from the ecological construction of agriculture. Then we have another important achievement in theoretical discussion, that is, we put forward the theory of value cycle, which is mainly aimed at agricultural circular economy, and of course, it can also rise to various types of circular economy other than agriculture. We can use this theory of value cycle, because the most classical theoretical basis of value cycle theory is 3R theory, that is, reduction, reuse and recycling. But this is still from the technical level above, stay in the technical level of explanation.
The theory of the attempted value cycle explained from the economic level is usefully discussed.
At the first level, he believes that through the circulation of material units in the system, we can use the same resources to create greater value. This is its first level. I can only simply say that the first level is how to create greater value with the same resources. At the second level, this theory clarifies what value is, where the value is the value of positive value minus negative value, rather than how much output value and how much agricultural output we used to say. While we are producing these output values and outputs, we also have a destructive effect on society, the environment, and resources. We have not subtracted this negative value. This theory means that we must consider both positive value. More importantly, consider negative value. Negative value is often not reflected in the present, it is also reflected in the second year, or even longer. How to convert the negative value of the next few years into the present value to deduct, in the positive value to deduct, this is what we have to care about, this is the real value, do not deduct this value that is the value of water. There is also this theory that immediately explains how to increase more positive value and reduce negative value. This is another level of this theory. This theory emphasizes that if the value chain is used to pull the circulation of material units in the system, a smooth circulation channel can be established. We often ignore this point when we are in the circular economy. Why can't the circular economy go on in many places? It ignores the value chain to pull it. Because every department and every relatively independent organization in the circular economy has its own interests. To put it bluntly, it is a relatively independent economic rational person. It has to care about value. It can only trade on the value chain. In order to complete the material cycle and the establishment of channels. Our theory is also elaborated by the derivation of theoretical mathematics, that is, a unit of matter will generate more resources after several cycles. Take the current agricultural straw as an example. We have analyzed it. About 0.2 billion tons of straw are wasted in China every year. We should know that straw is also produced by water, soil, labor and fertilizer. It does not mean that a piece of ground light grows fruit without straw. Straw is also a kind of biological quality and a kind of harvest. However, our 0.2 billion tons will be wasted. If we make full use of it, if we make good use of it and don't let it go to waste, we basically increase the amount of energy resources by 20%, which is considerable. In terms of concrete practice, we have also made many achievements for a long time.
First of all, the production capacity of agricultural life and the income of farmers are continuously improving. For example, our grain has been abundant for 11 years. In the past, we talked about an increase in 11 years. From this year on, we have changed to a high yield, not an increase in production. Because grain can not always pursue a substantial increase in production, as long as it is good. If we keep increasing the resources by a large margin, we will not be able to keep up with it, but will destroy the resources and ecological environment. Therefore, we propose 11 years of abundance. Indeed, we have achieved 11 years of abundant food, which is a very important achievement. There is also the people's income to achieve 11 consecutive fast, faster than the growth of urban residents. second, the level of our agricultural profits has steadily increased. Third, the intensity of agricultural ecological protection and construction has been continuously increased. Fourth, the rural living environment has gradually improved. These are all our achievements. problems and challenges,
let me briefly say here that although we have made some important achievements, our problems and challenges are also very serious. First of all, it is manifested in the increasing hard constraints on our resources. For example, we have so much land and so much water, and our population is so large, how can we ensure its growing supply and demand, because our number is so small that per capita arable land and fresh water are only 40% and 25% of the world average, which is very small. We still have to lose so much arable land and so much water to waste every year. We must consider these hard constraints.
Second, the problem of environmental pollution is also more prominent. First of all, industrial and domestic pollution is constantly affecting the agricultural industrial environment, and the pollution of agriculture itself is also increasing, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, because our chemical fertilizer utilization rate and agricultural utilization rate are not too high. We must improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in order to prevent agricultural non-point source pollution. Now the Ministry of Agriculture has proposed one control, two reductions and three basic. One control is the water consumption I just mentioned. Although we do not have enough water resources, we waste a lot. We must control water consumption and improve water efficiency. The two reductions are to reduce chemical fertilizers and pesticides. By 2020, chemical fertilizers and pesticides will basically be at zero growth, and they will no longer grow. Of course, it is based on the improvement of the efficiency of utilization. The efficiency of chemical fertilizer utilization must be increased by 7 percentage points. The efficiency of pesticide utilization must be increased by 6 percentage points. We must solve this problem.
Third, ecosystem degradation is more obvious. The farmland ecosystem is not as good as before, especially the complex ecosystem of agriculture, forestry, agriculture and animal husbandry. We must establish it urgently. There are also grasslands, lakes, wetlands, and forests. Our ecosystems are degraded more obviously, and we need to restore them.
Fourth, institutional mechanisms are not yet sound. In terms of management, we said earlier that our management system is not very good. First of all, we must look for our innovation drive in this area. There is also the market-oriented allocation of agricultural resources, and this mechanism should be perfected. Then the development mechanism of our circular agriculture is not too perfect, and it needs to be perfected. There is also the agricultural ecological compensation mechanism that we have not done enough. This is a problem. There are other problems and challenges as well. For example, we have put it bluntly or not let our thinking be connected to the sustainable development of agriculture from a deep level. We have some measures, internal and external factors are superimposed, and our contradictions are constantly prominent. In addition, our management ability is not very optimistic. First of all, the labor force is not very good, and the productivity of land is still too low. Then the operating efficiency is not too good. Because the efficiency of agriculture has always been relatively low, compared with other industries, it is a relatively inefficient industry. Then there is a new trend, that is, with the derivation of the industrial chain, the cost of agriculture is getting higher and higher, such as its transportation cost, storage cost, storage, processing, and rough processing. These costs are very large and must be added. In the field of agriculture, its cost is getting higher and higher, which is called high cost. What does all this indicate? It shows that China's agriculture has entered a special period of stronger resource constraints, greater environmental pressure, weaker ecological security, lagging institutional mechanisms, and rising risks in the use of domestic and foreign resources, which is a very obvious problem and challenge.
China Net:
finally, we would like to ask you to sort out for us what are the key points of this "Plan". In particular, what is the significance of this "Plan" for the development of China's agriculture?
Zhu Lizhi:
first of all, it has established key tasks, which have several aspects. 1. Optimize the development layout and steadily increase agricultural production capacity. This is the first key task. First of all, work should be done in the matching of production and water and soil resources, as well as in areas with excessive utilization of resources and outstanding environmental problems, and how to do a good job in the corresponding work of returning farmland to forest and grazing land to grassland in ecologically fragile areas. 2. Protect cultivated land resources and promote the immortal use of farmland. Cultivated land resources are very important. First, the amount of our cultivated land is not very good. Second, the quality of our cultivated land is not very good. We must improve the organic value of cultivated land. In addition, we must ensure that we have 0.8 billion acres of concentrated contiguous areas and guaranteed harvest by drought and flood in 2020. High-standard farmland, this task is very arduous, but it must be achieved.
Second, it is also an important task to ensure the safety of energy and water in terms of water conservation. We need to establish a red line of water resources for agricultural development and utilization. By 2020, we will have 372 billion cubic meters and 373 billion cubic meters in 2030. In the past, we talked more about the red line of cultivated land and did not mention the red line of water use. This time, the "Plan" places great emphasis on the red line of water use. Of course, we must increase the utilization rate of this water, increase the currently low utilization rate to 0.55 by 2020, and reach more than 0.6 by 2030, and accelerate the construction of our efficient water-saving energy technology system, so that We use water more efficiently.
Third, control environmental pollution and improve the rural agricultural environment, which is also a very important aspect. It is reflected in how to control external pollution, as well as internal pollution, and then achieve three basic points. As mentioned earlier, one control, two reductions and three basic points are the key tasks emphasized by the Ministry of Agriculture. One control is the water control just mentioned. The two reductions are chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This agricultural pollution should also pay attention to three basics, three basics: 1, the basic recycling of straw. 2. Basic recycling of livestock and poultry manure. 3, agricultural film, pesticide packaging bags and the like to do the basic recycling. In this way, we can control the agricultural environmental pollution within a certain range.
Fourth, restore agricultural ecology and improve ecological functions. The first is to increase the forest coverage rate, which will reach more than 23% by 2020. Second, the construction of forest network in farmland should be increased, and the farmland ecosystem is also very important. It must cooperate with the construction of forest network in order to establish a reasonable farmland ecosystem. It looks like farmland alone, and its ecosystem is definitely not very good, and it is not conducive to the growth of crops. Third, in terms of aquaculture, we need to increase healthy aquaculture, not the random high-density aquaculture in the past. As a result, the water body is destroyed, and the cultured aquatic products are of low quality and safety problems.
Fifth, in terms of regional layout, we also have some key work, mainly according to the carrying capacity of agricultural resources, environmental capacity and ecological types, to divide the country into optimized development areas, moderate release areas and protected development areas. this is a kind of innovation we have done in terms of the overall agricultural layout. In the past, our agricultural layout was mainly ten major areas, but now it is to highlight the key points and divide it into three major areas in strategy and strategy, called optimized development areas, moderate development areas and protected development areas. In the optimized development zone, we mainly insist on giving priority to production and giving consideration to ecology. We must achieve stable development of production, effective use of resources, and friendly ecological environment. Because the optimized development of this place is mainly distributed in the east, the main production area of mass agricultural products, the agricultural production conditions are very good, and the potential is relatively large, but there are also many problems. For example, the excessive consumption of water and soil resources, environmental pollution, excessive use of pesticide inputs, and the degree of resource recycling are not too high, so we must solve these problems of optimizing the development zone, and then give full play to its advantages to fully highlight the role of optimizing the development zone. In the moderately developed area, we all know what its shortcomings are, that is, the ecology is fragile, the allocation of water and soil is misplaced, the water shortage of resources and engineering is relatively serious, the carrying capacity of resources and environment is limited, and the energy infrastructure is relatively weak, mainly in the northwest region and along the Great Wall, which is different from the optimized development area just now. The optimized development area just now, for example, is in the east, from the east to the Huang-Huai-Hai, then to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and then to South China. The moderate development area is the northwest and along the Great Wall. It has its own characteristics, that is, the production characteristics are very distinct, in which we should attach equal importance to protection and development, be determined to give full play to our advantages, and maximize our strengths and circumvent our weaknesses. In the protection and development area, the characteristics are even more obvious. To put it bluntly, there are two places in the protection and development area. One is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is the Qinghai-Tibet area, and the other is the marine area. Our marine area is also a protected area. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau must be well protected. It focuses on ecological protection or construction. Production is placed within the scope of restrictions. Development must be restricted and protection must be emphasized. Everyone knows the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is an important ecological barrier and the birthplace of major rivers. We must protect it, and development is within limits. There is also marine fishery. Considering the significant decline of fishery resources in recent years, we must protect it well, that is, we must adhere to protection, limited and restricted development in these areas, so that we can put it on the road of sustainable development.
Sixth, major projects, we have set up major projects in the planning, major projects in several aspects. 1. Major projects in the protection of water and soil resources. There are also some specific projects that will not be introduced one by one, such as high-standard farmland construction projects, cultivated land quality protection and improvement projects, and heavy metal pollution control projects. These projects are very important in the field of water and soil resources protection, and this project is also placed in an important position. 2. Agricultural and rural environmental management project. There are also many projects in this project, including livestock and poultry manure, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, agricultural film and pesticide packaging bags, straw, and comprehensive treatment of the rural environment. These projects have also been designed a lot, which are very specific and will be implemented in the future. 3. In terms of ecological protection and restoration projects, we will continue to do these existing projects, such as a new round of returning farmland to forests, grassland protection, and rocky desertification control. 4. Pay attention to the construction of water ecological restoration projects. 5, agricultural biological resources protection project, we must do it well. 6. Experimental demonstration projects. The experimental demonstration project should focus on the construction of ten types of agricultural sustainable development experimental areas, which is very magnificent and very important. Finally, you asked what is the significance of the introduction of this "plan". I will briefly explain this. Because senior leaders have kept saying that the promulgation of this "Plan" is a programmatic document to guide China's agricultural development in the next 15 years, or even longer, and it has been made very clear.
Why is it a programmatic document for the future? First of all, from the top-level design, it sets the guiding ideology, points out to us the guiding ideology and basic principles, as well as development goals. From the top-level design, our future development path is very clear, so it is a programmatic document. The programmatic document for the next 15 years or more has been determined, and its significance is strategic. Second, this "plan" must be continuously implemented and implemented, and become a number of annual plans, or specific plans or projects, and it will promote the transformation of my country's agricultural methods in an all-round way. Everyone knows that our current agricultural development mode is not sustainable. Through the implementation and implementation of this plan, we can transform the agricultural development mode in an all-round way and make our country's agriculture embark on the path of sustainable development. What is the understanding from the practical operational level? Because this plan identifies the key tasks, the regional layout and development steps are also clear, and the major engineering safeguards are clear, we further landing in the implementation process will be more clear where the core of some of the work we have to do, where the focus is, how to do each step in the future, are clear.
China Net:
due to time constraints, this is the end of our program. Thank you again for being with us, and thank you all for watching. Good-.
Coverage video connection: http://fangtan.china.com.cn/2015-08/05/content_36229900.htm