Construction and Enlightenment of Japanese Agricultural Management System

Since the beginning of the new century, the development of various types of new agricultural business entities and the promotion of large-scale operations have become a strategic choice for my country to accelerate the construction of modern agriculture and promote the simultaneous development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Japan and China belong to the small-scale peasant society in East Asia, and have high similarity in cultural background, resource endowment and production conditions. An in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the construction of Japan's agricultural management system is of great significance for promoting the construction of new agricultural management entities in China.
The Development Status and Characteristics of Agricultural Business Entities in Japan
changes in the internal composition of (I) household operations and declining numbers
in Japan, the sale of farmers and agricultural management body is the main force of agricultural production in Japan. Sales farmers refer to those who operate more than 0.3 hectares of arable land or whose sales of agricultural products in the past year are more than 500000 yen. In addition, there are "self-sufficiency farmers" and "land-owning non-farmers".
From 2011 to 2014, Japan's sales of farmers decreased from 1.5611 million to 1.4116 million, a decrease of 9.6, but its share of the total increased by 2.5 percentage points. The degree of sideline selling farmers is deepening, and the degree of part-time farming is serious.
In 2014, the number of agricultural operators in Japan was 1.4712 million, 146400 fewer than in 2011, a decrease of 9%. The composition of agricultural operators has changed, the number of family operators is slowly decreasing while the size of the family operators is expanding, while the number of organizational operators is increasing and the trend of corporatization is increasing.
(II) agricultural legal person management has begun to take shape
in recent years, as the government continues to lift the restrictions on companies and other legal person organizations engaged in agriculture, the organization and operation body has achieved rapid development. From the perspective of land transfer, the area of cultivated land transferred by the organization management body accounted for 70.9 of the total management area in 2014, far higher than the level of 33.8 of agricultural management bodies. The average operating area of each organization is 24.63 hectares, which is also much higher than the average level of agricultural operators. The scale of agricultural management has gradually expanded, and land circulation has become an important means. Among them, the concentration trend of the scale of the organization and management body is particularly obvious, and gradually become the main force of land circulation.
In recent years, the trend of legalization of agricultural management in Japan is obvious, and the expansion of legalized agricultural management mainly depends on the increase in the number of companies and agricultural combined legal persons.
rapid development of (III) colony farming
collecting farming organizations mainly refer to agricultural management organizations that carry out common services and unified operations on a certain or all aspects of the agricultural production process. In recent years, the rapid development of agricultural organizations in the colony, agricultural production has gradually become the mainstream form of joint organization. Agribusiness organizations play an active role in supporting regional agriculture, especially in serving small and medium-sized farmers.
The Enlightenment of the Development of Japanese Agricultural Management System to China
(I) Support the Development of Specialized Farmers and Accelerate the Cultivation of New Professional Farmers
in order to alleviate the trend of part-time and aging of agricultural labor force and encourage the concentration of agricultural land to "backbone farmers", Japan has established a system of identifying farmers. Under the impetus of this system, land is rapidly concentrated to those who identify agriculture, accelerating the effective and intensive use of agricultural land.
Drawing lessons from Japan's experience in setting up "Youth Agricultural School" and "backbone Farmers' subsidy", China should pay more attention to the training of young professional farmers while supporting the development of professional farmers, and formulate a medium-and long-term plan for the training of new farmers at the national level.
(II) cultivate new business entities and promote the legalization of agricultural operations Family farms, cooperatives and enterprises all belong to market legal persons. Compared with traditional farmers, the legalization of agricultural management can, on the one hand, promote the separation of livelihood and management, turn farmers into commodity producers and operators who operate independently and assume responsibility for their own profits and losses, and improve the level of specialization and intensification; on the other hand, it is conducive to agricultural operators to break the boundaries of regional departments and ownership, develop various forms of horizontal economic association, and improve the level of scale and organization.
At present, my country's new agricultural business entities are still facing problems such as small scale, irregular operation, and insufficient development. Drawing on the experience of Japan, my country should clearly define the norms, identification methods and registration methods of new business entities such as large professional households, family farms, farmer cooperatives, and leading enterprises as soon as possible, and promptly formulate policies and measures to support new agricultural business entities to promote the health of corporate agriculture. Orderly development.
(III) Innovate the Mode of Agricultural Operation Organization and Encourage the Development of Joint Organization of Agricultural Production
with the support of the Japanese government, the alliance and cooperation between various agricultural operators have been continuously deepened, and various types of agricultural production joint organizations have been formed, such as joint utilization organizations, collective cultivation organizations and trusteeship service organizations. Drawing on the experience of Japan, China should actively encourage the association and cooperation between various agricultural business entities and explore the cultivation of various types of agricultural production joint organizations.
(IV) Promote the New Mechanism of Agricultural Socialization Service and Accelerate the Construction of New Agricultural Management System
the most distinctive feature of Japanese agriculture is the agricultural socialized service system of "combination of government and people. The government-led popularization guidance system and the agricultural management guidance system led by the Agricultural Association provide agricultural science and technology services for all aspects of Japanese agriculture from production to sales and all aspects of rural life, effectively promoting the development of Japanese agriculture and rural areas. In addition, through the revision of laws and system reforms, the Japanese government has implemented a series of policies and measures to promote the circulation of agricultural land and large-scale operation, promote the common development of family management, legal person management and centralized agricultural management, and initially build an agricultural management system with clear structure, complementary functions and dynamic adjustment.
Drawing on the experience of Japan, while strengthening the construction of public welfare service organizations, my country should accelerate the cultivation of operational service institutions, explore and innovate social service models, and form an organic combination of public services, cooperative services, and market-oriented services, overall coordination, and comprehensive development. Agricultural socialized service system.

Source: China Agricultural Economic Information Network | Time: July 11, 2015 | Responsible Editor: Zhai Tianchang