Central Document No. 1 Released as a Window to Observe the Development Direction of China's "Three Rural Issues"
At present, China's agricultural production costs are rising rapidly, with bulk agricultural products [1.36 per cent funding research Report] Prices are generally higher than those in the international market. How to improve agricultural competitiveness under the "double squeeze" is a major test to be faced. How to improve the ability of agricultural sustainable development under the hard constraints of resources and environment is a major challenge to face. How to speed up the pace of new rural construction under the background of the in-depth development of urbanization is a major problem to be solved. Solving these problems is a major task for the "three rural" work in the future.
A few days ago, the 2015 Central Document No. 1 was released. This is the 12th consecutive document issued by the central government with the theme of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The release of the document highlights that under the new economic normal, the central government attaches great importance to agricultural and rural work as always, and has also become an important window to observe the development direction of China's "agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
From extensive to intensive
agriculture More Heavy Quality Benefit
if China is to be strong, agriculture must be strong. To this end, the central document No. 1 to speed up the development hyundai agriculture has put forward new requirements: "efficient output, product safety, resource conservation, and environmental friendliness". This requires that on the basis of stabilizing food production, agriculture must shift from extensive management to intensive development, from resource, environment, and investment to relying on technology and innovation, especially focusing on improving competitiveness and sustainable development.
Improving competitiveness is an urgent task for China's agricultural development. Right now, the cost of domestic agricultural production continues to rise, leading to a continued decline in the comparative efficiency of agriculture. The prices of bulk agricultural products in the international market have fallen continuously and have been lower than domestic prices to varying degrees, leading to an increase in imports. The rise of cost "floor" and the downward pressure of price "ceiling" bring double squeeze to China's agricultural competitiveness. Take vegetables as an example. At present, the area of vegetables in the country exceeds 0.3 billion mu, and the per capita share exceeds 500.00kg. However, the demand for vegetables continues to grow rigidly, and is expected to increase by more than 9000 million tons by 2020. Ye Zhenqin, director of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that due to the increasing resource constraints and the decline in the quality of the labor force, the focus of agricultural production must be placed on changing the development mode, increasing yield and reducing losses.
The Central Document No. 1 proposes to scientifically determine the self-sufficiency level of major agricultural products and rationally arrange the priority order of agricultural industry development. Experts believe that this requires insisting on doing something and not doing something, concentrating on keeping the most basic and important grains and rations, and on this basis, making overall plans for the production of important agricultural products such as cotton, oil and sugar, and promoting grain, cash crops, and forage. The coordinated development of the ternary planting structure.
Focusing on sustainable development means strengthening agro-ecological governance. The Central Document No. 1 proposes to implement the overall plan for the governance of outstanding agricultural environmental problems and the plan for sustainable agricultural development. "This is in line with the reality of our agriculture." Cheng Guoqiang, a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that my country's agricultural resources and environment are close to the carrying limit. Over the years, problems such as rural non-point source pollution, declining quality of cultivated land, and over-exploitation of groundwater have become increasingly prominent. Especially after the problem of food and clothing is solved, the public has higher requirements for the improvement of the ecological environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products. We must adhere to both "protection" and "governance", so that those overdrawn agricultural resources and the environment can be recuperated. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the governance of outstanding agricultural environmental problems.
In response to the quality and safety of agricultural products, the Central Document No. 1 proposes to establish a fully traceable, interconnected and shared agricultural product quality and food safety information platform. At present, there are more than 400,000 food production enterprises and more than 300 million food business entities in my country. Small workshops and small vendors are even more difficult to count. Although some enterprises and some places have established quality traceability platforms, most of them have not achieved information sharing and full coverage due to different ownership of traceability systems. Experts believe that this formulation of the No. 1 Central Document captures the key link of food safety and is conducive to ensuring "safety on the tip of the tongue".
From the inside to the outside
expand the space for farmers to increase income
if China wants to be rich, farmers must be rich. The key to increasing farmers' income is to tap both internal potential and external force to achieve internal and external linkage.
Central document No. 1 proposed to improve the effectiveness of agricultural subsidy policy. Ye Xingqing, director of the Rural Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that for a long time, we have used price means to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for production. Now domestic and foreign prices are upside down, and it is no longer sustainable to use this method. At the same time, the space for agricultural subsidies is gradually decreasing. At the time of China's accession to the WTO, 8.5 per cent of the "yellow box" space promised is still available, and there is also a lot of space for non-specific products, but there is little space for subsidies for some products, and some products have even exceeded it, forming a "ceiling". Based on this, the Central Document No. 1 proposes to gradually expand the scale and scope of the implementation of the "green box" support policy, adjust and improve the "yellow box" support policy, and give full play to the effect of the policy to benefit farmers and increase income.
According to reports, the next step, agricultural product target price insurance pilot will also be carried out. Experts said that regardless of the target price reform or the target price insurance pilot, the strategy of "classified implementation, gradual and orderly progress, easy first and then difficult, and smooth transition" should be adopted. When the pilot will be expanded to other varieties and regions, it is necessary to consider after obtaining relatively mature experience. However, no matter how the price formation mechanism is changed, farmers cannot suffer losses. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate plans to deal with excessive market volatility.
The Central Document No. 1 proposes to promote the integration and development of the three industries of rural 1. 2. This is in line with the current international popular "six industries" theory. Farmers should be encouraged not only to engage in farming (primary production), but also to engage in the processing of agricultural products (secondary production) and the circulation of agricultural products (tertiary production). Because "1+2+3" is equal to 6, "1 × 2 × 3" is also equal to 6, so it is called "six industries". Zhu Xinkai, a professor at Renmin University of China and vice chairman of the Leisure Agriculture expert Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that agriculture is an industry that integrates production, life, and ecological functions. It is necessary to promote and expand new links such as processing, circulation, and sales from the primary agricultural planting and breeding industry, so as to form an interactive and integrated development model of "one production one after another" and create a "six industries".
From land to assets
reform Releases Rural Vitality
to comprehensively deepen reform, rural reform must be placed in a prominent position. From the reform of rural land system to the reform of rural collective asset property rights, a new round of rural reform is speeding up in an all-round way.
The No. 1 document of the Central Committee clearly proposes to establish a land value-added income distribution mechanism that takes into account the state, collectives, and individuals, and reasonably increase personal income. At present, the area of rural collective operating construction land is about 42 million mu, and the total area of homestead is about 0.17 billion mu. The focus of the reform of the land system is the classified implementation of rural land expropriation, the entry of collective operating construction land into the market, and the pilot reform of the homestead system. In fact, the central government has issued relevant supporting documents. Experts believe that in order to implement the relevant documents, it is necessary to explore and improve the land expropriation system with standardized procedures, reasonable compensation, and diversified guarantees, establish a rural collective operating construction land market entry system with the same rights and prices, smooth circulation, and income sharing, and improve fair acquisition in accordance with the law. The homestead system of economical and intensive use and voluntary paid withdrawal.
The No. 1 document of the Central Committee proposes to explore the effective realization form of rural collective ownership and innovate the operation mechanism of rural collective economy. With the development of rural economy, the collective income of many local villages has increased rapidly, and the villagers pay more and more attention to how to distribute the collective income. Experts believe that for operating assets, the focus is to clarify the ownership of collective property rights, quantify the conversion of assets to members of collective economic organizations, and explore the development of farmers' share cooperation.
"The pilot reform of rural collective asset property rights will take into account different regions in the east, middle and west, and select a number of qualified counties (cities) as units to carry out the pilot work. The pilot work will be completed by the end of 2017." Chen Xiaohua, vice minister of agriculture, said that it is necessary to carry out the reform of the rural collective property rights joint-stock cooperative system in accordance with the requirements of the modern property rights system and proceeding from reality. For non-operating assets, the focus is to explore an effective mechanism for collective unified operation and management, so as to better provide public welfare services for members of collective economic organizations and community residents.
From "things" to "people"
new rural construction to the deep force
if China wants beauty, the countryside must be beautiful. The No. 1 Central Document emphasizes accelerating the improvement of rural infrastructure, promoting the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, and making rural areas a beautiful home for farmers to live and work in peace.
Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that in some rural areas, "garbage is blown by the wind and sewage is evaporated", and the ecological environment, water, electricity, gas and other infrastructure are very poor. It is necessary to intensify the construction of rural infrastructure and comprehensively promote the improvement of the rural living environment. In the future, even if China reaches an urbanization rate of 70%, there will still be 0.5 billion people in the countryside. To improve the rural environment, the government must actively undertake, and the countryside must not become a "hometown in memory".
Central document No. 1 clear, around the integration of urban and rural development, to further promote the construction of new rural areas. Experts believe that the promotion of "people's new countryside" and "people's urbanization" are the two major starting points for solving the "three rural" problems in the new era. For farmers who work in cities, efforts should be made to improve their quality and ability to integrate into cities and towns; for farmers who still live in rural areas, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the rural happiness index. The integration of urban and rural development means that farmers, whether living in urban or rural areas, can equally enjoy the dividends of reform and the fruits of modernization. In recent years, my country's new rural cooperative medical system, new rural insurance, rural subsistence allowances and other systems have advanced rapidly, but public resources such as culture, health, and education are still scarce in rural areas. It can be said that the backwardness of rural areas is largely reflected in the backwardness of social undertakings and public services. It is necessary to improve the level of public services in rural areas through the construction of "people's new countryside", so that farmers who stay in rural areas can enjoy more and better public services and social security.
Source: China Economic Net | Time: February 02, 2015 | Editor: Zhai Tianchang