Some Thoughts on Supporting the Development of New Agricultural Business Entities
June 25, 2013 | Author: Zhang Hongyu, Zhang Haiyang, Li Na
source: Farmers Daily-China Agriculture News Network
this year's Central Document No. 1 clearly stated that we should innovate the agricultural management system and mechanism, and build a new agricultural management system that is intensive, specialized, organized, and socialized. Cultivating new agricultural management entities is the key to building a new agricultural management system. Recently, the Department of Industrial Policy and regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture went to Qihe County, Wucheng County, Shandong Province, and Songjiang District, Shanghai to conduct special research, and visited large grain growers, farmers' cooperatives, family farms and agricultural enterprises to understand the main difficulties and policy needs facing their development. In the investigation, we found that the local awareness of cultivating new business entities and the enthusiasm for the development of various new business entities are very high, and it also reflects many difficulties and problems, and we are full of expectations for the state to provide policy support. Through research, we believe that on the basis of the clear policy orientation of supporting new agricultural business entities, it is necessary for the state to refine policy measures and implement policies to create a good external environment for the development of new agricultural business entities.
Clearly define the connotation of the concept of family farm
the concept of family farm can be roughly expressed as: family management, moderate scale, one industry as the main body, intensive production, that is, farmers as the main body of management, mainly using family labor, moderate production and operation scale, specialization, standardization, intensification, and commercialization An agricultural production and operation unit with a high level and agricultural income as the main source of income.
After several years of exploration and development, people's understanding of farmers' cooperatives and leading agricultural enterprises has gradually become clear. What is relatively vague is how to distinguish the concept of professional large households and family farms. The formulation of family farms has been reflected in the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee. After the release of the No. 1 Central Document this year, family farms have attracted more attention. At present, local enthusiasm for exploring the development of family farms is high, requiring a clear definition of the concept of family farms in order to facilitate the formulation of more targeted policies.
In order to avoid the extensive management of agricultural land in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, Songjiang District has explored the development of grain-based family farms since the second half of 2007. Combined with Songjiang's successful practice, we summarized the concept of family farm, which can be roughly expressed as: family management, moderate scale, one industry as the main body, intensive production, that is, farmers as the main body of management, mainly using family labor, moderate production and operation scale, specialization, Agricultural production and operation units with high level of standardization, intensification and commercialization, and agricultural income as the main source of income. Family farms should have four basic characteristics:
one is family operation.
One of the principles clearly put forward by Songjiang is "self-cultivation by operators", that is, in principle, family farm operators must be peasant households in the village, and must mainly rely on family personnel to engage in agricultural production and operation activities, and must not subcontract or sublease the land they operate to a third party; except for seasonal and temporary employment of short-term labor, migrant labor shall not be employed all the year round to engage in the production and operation of family farms. Li Chunfeng, a 34-year-old family farmer in Yaojing Village, Linggang Town, Songjiang District, resigned from the enterprise in 2009 and went home to run his father's family farm (the farmer will retire in principle when he is over 60 years old). Now the farm is run by himself and his parents (his wife works in the enterprise and does not participate in farm management). He only needs to employ 1-2 people during busy farming, and the time is usually less than a week. From this perspective, farms established by foreign urban residents or other investors, or farms that employ labor for a long time, cannot be counted as family farms.
The second is moderate scale.
In order to give full play to the advantages of family management, the scale of family farms must be moderate and not too large. Director of the Songjiang District Agricultural Committee believes that "degree" is the vitality of family farms. The scale of cultivated land operated by family farms in Songjiang District is generally 100-150 mu, with a minimum of more than 80 mu and a maximum of about 200 mu. At present, 1206 family farms in the region operate a total of 137000 mu of arable land, with an average of 113 mu per farm. Songjiang mainly considers four aspects when determining the principle of moderate scale: first, according to the level of local agricultural mechanization, the maximum scale on which a labor force can operate cultivated land; second, how much land a family can manage at least in order to get rich through its own labor; third, how much land can be transferred out of the local rural labor force; fourth, the income level of family farms should be appropriately higher than that of migrant workers, at present, the annual income level of Songjiang family farms generally exceeds about 15% of the annual income of migrant families. After calculation, the scale of a family farm with an annual income of about 100000 yuan in Songjiang District needs to be more than 100 mu. In addition, the scale of family farms should not be too large, and the income from employment should not exceed the income of migrant families too much, otherwise it will lead to comparison, resulting in farmers returning to their own land, and the scale of family farms will not be stable. If the family farm is too large and needs to employ a large number of workers, there will be labor supervision problems, resulting in increased costs and loss of family business advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the level of economic and social development stages in different regions, the degree of rural labor transfer, the endowment of agricultural land resources, industrial differences, and the income balance of various industries, and determine the reasonable scale of family farm management land according to local conditions.
Three is a business-oriented.
For a long time, my country's agriculture has become synonymous with hard-working and low-income industries. Young people are not proud of farming, which has led to increasingly prominent structural contradictions in the agricultural labor force. The emergence of family farms has gradually changed people's understanding. The biggest attraction of family farms is that professional production and operation based on agriculture can also increase income and become rich. The results of an annual sample survey of 100 family farms in Songjiang District in recent years show that the agricultural income level of family farms is considerable. From 2008 to 2012, the average net income per mu of family farms increased from 552 yuan to 847 yuan, and the average annual net income increased from 81000 yuan to 95000 yuan. In 2012, family farms with an average net income of more than 800 yuan per mu accounted for 65%. The income level of family farms combined with planting and breeding is higher, and the average annual net income can reach about 150000 yuan (100000 yuan from growing grain and 50000 yuan from raising 1000 pigs on behalf of others). In Songjiang District, agriculture has become a "decent occupation", and engaging in agriculture can also obtain "decent income" and live a "decent life".
Four is intensive production.
Compared with small-scale farmers, the scale of family farms is moderate and not very large. Specialized production and intensive management can effectively exert the advantages of scale effect and family management. Among the 1206 family farms in Songjiang District, 1013 are specialized in growing grain, 53 are combined with planting and breeding (both growing grain and raising pigs), and 140 are integrated with machinery and agriculture (both growing grain and engaged in agricultural machinery services). In order to ensure that the cultivated land is managed by excellent farmers, Songjiang has established the access and exit mechanism of family farmers through the principle of "selecting the best operators", and strengthened training and assessment. Family farmers also generally have a strong sense of crisis and competition. In order to manage the family farm, farm operators actively participate in various training courses to master the latest agricultural science and technology knowledge.
After six years of practice, the group of professional farmers in Songjiang has gradually grown, and the quality of agricultural operators has improved significantly. More importantly, family farms, as the main body of agricultural operations, on the basis of not violating the current agricultural land system and respecting the wishes of farmers, through the circulation of cultivated land, the production factors such as land, labor, and agricultural machinery are appropriately concentrated to achieve intensive management and specialized production. Effectively improve labor productivity, land output rate and economic benefits. At present, 99% of the land in Songjiang District has been transferred to village collectives. The operating area of family farms accounts for 80% of the grain field area in the whole district. The rice yield per mu has increased by 6.1 in five years, which greatly improves the level of specialization, standardization and intensification of grain production.
The main difference between family farms and large professional households is that although large professional households also carry out specialized production, their scale of operation is more flexible, and the standards of large professional households may vary greatly in different places. the scale of land management ranges from dozens of mu to hundreds of mu, thousands of mu and even tens of thousands of mu, and the larger the scale, the more long-term employment is needed. There are 48 large grain growers with more than 100 mu in Qihe County, of which 11 are more than 1000 mu. Wang Chengliang, a major grain grower in the county, transferred 13200 mu of arable land in 3 townships and 11 villages, becoming the first major grain grower in Shandong Province. In a general sense, large professional households with an operating scale of less than 200 acres are most likely to become family farms, and if they are larger than this scale, they may exceed the management capabilities of husband and wife or 2 to 3 laborers in a family, and they often have to be long-term. Employment of agricultural workers has also lost the connotation concept of family farms.
Although the family farm itself has many advantages and has attracted much attention, the family farm model is not the only choice. The choice of an appropriate scale business model should be determined from the actual situation of each region and in accordance with the principle of farmers' voluntariness and local conditions. For example, Shanghai is preparing to guide farmers to develop family farms in Jinshan District and Fengxian District where conditions are suitable, Baoshan District will mainly develop collective farms, Chongming District will mainly develop cooperatives, Taicang in Jiangsu will mainly develop cooperative farms, and Shandong will mainly develop large farmers, cooperatives and various leading agricultural enterprises. Different new business entities have their own characteristics and strengths, and policy support must be targeted. It is not appropriate to favor one over the other, let alone give administrative promotion regardless of reality. It should be noted that following the surging of cooperatives, many places have begun to be enthusiastic about the development of family farms. It is more necessary to avoid blind promotion, administrative intervention, violation or even infringement of farmers' interests, and to strengthen the guidance and regulation of policies and laws.
More subsidies (assistance) for new agricultural business entities
to support the healthy development of new agricultural business entities and ensure the supply of commercial agricultural products, it is necessary to gradually adjust the investment direction and structure of agricultural subsidies, and effectively strengthen the guiding role of subsidy policies.
The agricultural "four subsidies" policy has played an important role in mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, but in terms of stimulating grain production, the current policy-oriented function has gradually weakened in many places. According to the investigation, there are certain differences in the distribution mechanism of agricultural subsidies between Shandong and Shanghai. Except for the subsidy for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools linked to the purchase of agricultural machinery, the other three subsidies are basically owned by the original contractor in Shandong and by the operator in Shanghai. In Wucheng County, direct subsidies for wheat and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials are combined according to the planting area. The subsidy for improved wheat varieties per mu of 10 yuan is reflected in the unified supply of seeds at a low price. The subsidy for improved cotton varieties 15 yuan and the subsidy for improved corn varieties 10 yuan are sent to Cary in cash. The direct subsidy for wheat, agricultural materials and improved varieties are negotiated by both parties and are generally given to large growers. Due to the implied agricultural subsidies, large grain farmers in Shandong bear high land rents. Wang Chengliang's land lease period is 20 years. The rent per mu in the first three years is 1000 yuan. After three years, the rent per mu is 500.00kg wheat according to the market price at that time. The land rent of Tan Yingwei, a large grain grower of 800 mu in Wucheng County, is also 1000 yuan/mu. In Songjiang District, the direct subsidy for growing grain is directly distributed to the one-card system of family farms and other operators in cash. The subsidy for improved varieties is directly distributed to the operators in kind. Most of the comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials are also distributed to the operators in kind. These three subsidies are calculated and distributed according to the actual operating area of the operators. The district agricultural committee has reasonable control over the land transfer fee of the family farm, and the rent per mu of land is 250.00kg rice, which is paid in kind or in cash. According to the market price, the average land transfer rent of 100 farms in 2012 was 724 yuan/mu.
Like many other places, the agricultural subsidies paid by the central government have also become GSP income subsidies for everyone in Shandong, which cannot effectively stimulate food production. Support for large-scale grain production is mainly reflected in local finance. In order to support the development of large grain growers, Shandong Province, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Finance to carry out the pilot work of subsidies for large grain growers, refined the implementation plan, and included large grain planting areas of 300 mu and above (including wheat or rice areas of 150 mu and above) into the scope of subsidies. Large households below 4000 mu will be subsidized by 230 yuan per mu, and each household above 4000 mu will be given a fixed subsidy of 1 million yuan, the subsidy funds are linked to the construction and transformation of farmland water conservancy, drying and storage facilities, the purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment, and agricultural materials, and the accounting system is implemented. Although the central government provides less agricultural subsidies to Shanghai, Shanghai has increased its subsidy support for family farms by strengthening supporting measures. The Songjiang District Government provides a monthly pension subsidy of 150 yuan per person to elderly farmers (male 60 years old and female 55 years old) who transfer their land to the village collective, encouraging farmers to voluntarily transfer their land, and stabilizing the relationship between family farm land transfer. Before March 2013, the district finance will give 200 yuan per mu of land transfer fee subsidy to family farms growing rice every year. Starting from March, it will be changed into an incentive subsidy. The scope of incentives includes high-yield grain competition on family farms, straw returning to the field, direct broadcast of agricultural machinery, promotion of new agronomy and new technologies, production assessment, etc., which are linked to the assessment results. In addition, the municipal and district finance subsidizes family farms by 50% ~ 70% of the total price of agricultural machinery. The rice insurance premium for family farms is all borne by the district finance.
To support the healthy development of new agricultural business entities and ensure the supply of commercial agricultural products, it is necessary to gradually adjust the investment direction and structure of agricultural subsidies, and effectively strengthen the guiding role of subsidy policies.
First, the annual increase in subsidies for improved varieties, comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools is mainly used for new business entities that grow grain on a large scale.
We will encourage subsidies for improved varieties and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials in kind, explore the free supply of improved varieties and direct agricultural materials at preferential prices to large professional grain growers and family farms, and give priority to subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools. Strengthen the connection of agricultural machinery subsidy lists between regions, so that farmers can obtain subsidies in their hometown when purchasing agricultural machinery in the list in other places.
Second, while expanding the scope of subsidies for large grain growers, we should improve the mechanism and methods for implementing policies.
In view of the fact that it is difficult for large grain growers to obtain invoices in the purchase of agricultural materials and the construction of agricultural production facilities, while strengthening tax supervision, it is encouraged to explore the possibility of giving corresponding fixed subsidies according to the scale of land operation.
The third is to increase subsidies for large-scale business entities other than grain.
Policies such as subsidies for improved livestock and poultry breeds, subsidies for breeding sows, subsidies for animal epidemic prevention, and subsidies for soil testing and formula fertilization should be tilted to large professional households, farms, cooperatives, small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises and other moderately large-scale business entities, and subsidies should be increased.
Effectively improve rural financial insurance services
to solve the problem of matching supply and demand of rural finance and agricultural insurance, and to promote the better and faster development of new business entities, it is necessary to further deepen reforms and continuously innovate systems and policies.
The difficulty of rural loans and the small coverage of insurance for agricultural characteristic industries are problems that are reflected more at the grass-roots level. From the perspective of large-scale business entities and grassroots financial institutions, the contradiction between supply and demand of rural financial insurance may exist for a long time. There are two main aspects:
first, scale operators have a stronger demand for loans and agricultural insurance.
There are two main reasons: one is the large scale and high investment. Songjiang family farm due to the moderate scale, the required production input is not large, family cash flow can meet the production capital needs, loan demand pressure is not big. This in itself is a factor in our promotion of family farms. In Shandong, large grain growers and other large-scale business entities tend to operate on a large scale, with a serious shortage of their own funds and a strong demand for loans. In the early stage, Wang Chengliang has already invested more than 600 million yuan in land transfer rent, more than 280 yuan in agricultural machinery, and more than 300 million yuan in agricultural materials such as chemical fertilizers. In the later stage, the investment in water conservancy facilities for 10,000 mu of dry land still needs more than 2000 million yuan. He is very looking forward to receiving discount loan support. Qihe County Zhenghe Organic Farm rents more than 2000 mu of land for 40 years. The rent for the first ten years is 400 yuan (one-time payment). After that, it will be gradually increased to 500.00kg wheat. At present, more than 800 million yuan has been paid for the land rent, and 7.6 million yuan has been invested in the construction of 20 greenhouses. In the later period, a large amount of investment will be needed for soil improvement and water conservancy facilities construction of 1700 mu of sandy land. The second is the high natural risk and potential loss. Even if small-scale farmers lose all their harvests, the losses are not very large, while large-scale operators are completely different. They put almost all their wealth on agricultural operations. In the event of a catastrophe, the blow may be devastating. Therefore, the large-scale operators especially Need the support of agricultural insurance. At present, the main field crops and some aquaculture industries already have policy insurance, but some regional characteristic industry insurance or no or just started. As an important agricultural industry in the county, there is no insurance for peppers, vegetables and edible fungi in Qihe and Wucheng. Qihe County Meidong Modern Agriculture Company spent 36 million to build 600 greenhouses. When the pilot project of facility agricultural insurance was launched in Dezhou City in 2012, the company took out 50000 yuan to insure the greenhouses. Later, a strong wind set off some greenhouses and received compensation of more than 200,000 yuan. The company deeply felt the importance of facility agricultural insurance.
Second, financial and insurance institutions are worried about product and service innovation.
The reasons are also broadly twofold: one is the lack of effective mortgages and guarantees for rural loans. Each of the greenhouses of Meidong Company invested 60000 yuan, but it cannot be used as a mortgage, and the transferred land use rights cannot be mortgaged. The agricultural development funds mainly rely on the annual profit of its own sweater factory of more than 1000 yuan, or use the sweater factory to mortgage the loan. Yang Xiaoli, president of the Agricultural Bank of Qihe County, said that the mortgage rate of machinery and equipment for large grain growers is only 20%, that is, machinery and equipment worth 1 million yuan can be loaned up to 200000 yuan. As for pigs, cows, etc., it can not be used as collateral. If large households jointly guarantee loans, the maximum loan can only be 200000 yuan, there is still a big gap. Second, the development of agricultural insurance is facing many constraints. In addition to the natural risk, high operating costs, cumbersome procedures are also quite a headache for insurance institutions. According to Manager Wang of China Property Insurance Dezhou Branch, the current agricultural insurance rate is low and the operating risk is high. Moreover, due to the involvement of thousands of small farmers, the insured area, premium, insured amount, number of households, policyholders, all-in-one card number and other data All need to be verified one by one, and the workload is too heavy. The company and government departments have to invest a lot of manpower and material resources, and the pressure on the compensation. The financial premium subsidy cycle is long and is generally paid before the end of the year. However, the company has to withdraw the risk reserve according to the regulations, which may cause the company's cash flow to be interrupted.
To solve the problem of matching supply and demand of rural finance and agricultural insurance, and to promote the better and faster development of new business entities, it is necessary to further deepen reforms and continuously innovate systems and policies.
First, innovative rural loan guarantee mortgage methods.
Encourage financial institutions to carry out mortgage loans for large-scale business entities such as large grain growers, such as large-scale agricultural machinery and equipment, and land management rights with clear ownership and controllable risks, and appropriately increase the mortgage rate. Encourage agricultural enterprises to provide guarantees for the production of loans to order farmers, or by enterprises to undertake loans, farmers to use. Establish a financially funded agricultural guarantee company to provide guarantees for new agricultural business entities, especially large grain growers. Guide farmers' professional cooperatives with good industrial foundation, large scale of operation, strong driving ability and good credit record to carry out credit cooperation.
The second is to further straighten out the institutional mechanism for the development of agricultural insurance.
Implement differentiated agricultural insurance support policies, include large-scale facility agriculture and large-scale agricultural machinery and tools into the coverage of central financial insurance subsidies, and increase subsidies. Increase the proportion of agricultural insurance premium subsidies from the central government to large agricultural counties. Explore the establishment of a government-supported agricultural catastrophe risk compensation fund, improve the relevant rights and interests mechanism, and gradually establish an agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism.
Seriously study and solve the problem of facility agricultural land
to solve the problem of facility agricultural land, we must develop ideas and think of more ways under the premise of strictly implementing the spirit of relevant documents.
The use of land for agricultural production facilities and ancillary facilities is difficult to solve, and it has become a problem that was reflected more during the investigation in Shandong. Large grain farmers and grain production cooperatives responded strongly. Zhiyuan Grain and Cotton Planting Professional Cooperative in Wucheng County has built a grain and cotton planting demonstration base of more than 6000 mu, driving the development of 30000 mu of corn under orders. It is urgent to solve the problem of land use for facilities. Wucheng mainly grows wheat and corn all the year round, and there is no dryer in the county to operate grain drying business. The main method for farmers to dry grain is to sun the site. With the expansion of cooperative order planting scale, the disadvantages of traditional methods are increasingly apparent. For this reason, the cooperative invested more than 300,000 yuan to purchase a grain drying tower from Shenyang in 2012, and built a drying site, warehouse and hardening drying field behind the office building, covering a total area of 5 mu. The drying tower and site have been built, but the warehouse has not yet been capped and has been stopped by the county land and resources bureau, because this land is basic farmland in the planning of the land and resources bureau. At present, the township government is coordinating the matter with the Land Bureau, hoping to solve it by linking it with the reclamation of an abandoned local primary school. According to local officials, in the past, in order to strive for a balance between construction land indicators and arable land occupation and compensation, the county often revised its land use plan. "As soon as the land is repaired, the basic farmland will go up the mountain." Adjusted to basic farmland, as long as agricultural production facilities are built, basic farmland will inevitably be occupied, which is a big problem.
The problem of grain drying in Songjiang family farm is solved by the government. The drying equipment is all invested by the district finance. The grain department is equipped with drying equipment (located in the grain depot) on a town-by-town basis. The grain planting family farm can make an appointment for drying time and then determine the harvest time. The agricultural machinery cooperative is responsible for the harvest. The grain purchasing and marketing department or the grain processing enterprise directly pulls it for drying after purchase. The family farm does not need to deal with matters after harvest. For family farms combining planting and breeding, the district government issued a document allowing a certain amount of land to be used for the construction of work houses and pig houses, and standardized construction was implemented, all of which were invested by the district finance and used for agricultural facilities. We saw on Li Chunfeng's family farm that the working rooms and pig houses covering an area of 3 acres were clean and tidy. According to reports, the government invested 800000 yuan. The family farm integrating machine and agriculture generally has 4 sets of agricultural machinery. These farms form agricultural machinery cooperatives. The district government specially plans the land for the construction of hangar sheds to realize the centralized storage of agricultural machinery in cooperatives. At present, the region has set up 30 agricultural machinery cooperatives, agricultural machinery services to achieve full coverage of family farms.
The problem of facility agricultural land is not without solution. The Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture document "on improving the facilities of agricultural land management related issues notice" (land and resources development [2010] No. 155) clearly, production facilities and ancillary facilities land directly used for or services in agricultural production, according to agricultural land management. To solve the problem of facility agricultural land, it is necessary to develop ideas and think of more ways under the premise of strictly implementing the spirit of relevant documents:
first, the effective use of general arable land and non-arable land;
the second is to improve the efficiency of the use of rural construction land, through village planning and renovation, adhere to the principle of "farmers' land, farmers' use", and use idle land, economical construction land or reclaimed land in the village to build agricultural machinery warehouses, storage facilities, etc;
third, when the local government revises the overall land use plan, it fully takes into account the demand for agricultural land for facilities brought about by the long-term development of agriculture;
fourthly, it is encouraged to explore models such as warehouse leasing or food banks to solve the problem of grain storage for large-scale grain growers.
Increase support for agricultural infrastructure projects
most agricultural infrastructure has strong positive externalities, and as public goods or quasi-public goods, the government needs to increase investment to improve it.
The weak agricultural infrastructure in our country is an old problem. In the case of small-scale decentralized operation, farmers often have no enthusiasm and ability to strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction. With the increase of the proportion of moderate scale operation in agriculture, if the land circulation relationship is stable, the new business entities have the enthusiasm to improve the agricultural infrastructure, but the government needs to help solve the input problem. Of the 11 villages transferred by Wang Chengliang, only 3000 mu of land in 3 villages can be irrigated with water from the Yellow River, and the other 10000 mu of land do not have irrigation conditions. If all water conservancy facilities are constructed, more than 2000 million yuan will need to be invested. For large-scale operators with very short land transfer contracts, there is generally no enthusiasm to improve agricultural infrastructure, which in turn directly affects their output efficiency and operating efficiency.
Most agricultural infrastructure has strong externality, as public goods or quasi-public goods, the government needs to increase investment to improve. In Songjiang District, the government has invested more than 0.2 billion yuan in agricultural infrastructure in recent years. In terms of water conservancy facilities, tractor roads, and cultivated land renovation, the agricultural production conditions of the whole region have been greatly improved. Family farms have obtained a good development environment. Family farms only need to compete for the right to operate cultivated land, and there is no need to worry about agricultural infrastructure, or even invest a penny for the construction of pig houses. With the financial investment at all levels, the agricultural infrastructure is basically perfect. The production conditions of the 20 mu high-yield demonstration base in Qihe County are far better than those of other places in the county. However, as a poor county, Wucheng County is unable to increase investment, and its agricultural infrastructure is quite different from Qihe County.
To promote the development of new agricultural business entities, the state needs to increase investment and support in agricultural infrastructure projects.
First, in terms of project arrangements such as comprehensive agricultural development, land consolidation, high-standard farmland construction, medium-and low-yield farmland transformation, and farmland water conservancy facilities construction, it is necessary to tilt toward the main body of scale management, especially the implementation of irrigation and drainage, soil improvement, and roads on basic farmland. Renovation, mechanical farming roads, power matching and other engineering construction make it have the conditions for large-scale production.
The second is to encourage the development of land joint-stock cooperatives on the basis of farmers' voluntariness, and fully guarantee the property income of farmers' land contract rights through the method of "fixed power and uncertain land, quantitative and non-positioning", which is not only convenient for large-scale agricultural infrastructure construction, but also convenient Large-scale mechanized operations are also conducive to eliminating ridges and increasing land output.
Accelerate the training and introduction of new business entities
career prospects and social evaluation are very important to practitioners. To attract young people and high-quality talents to join agriculture, it is necessary to accelerate the innovation of the agricultural management system, fundamentally transform the agricultural production and management methods, and make agriculture a profitable, status, promising, and dignified profession.
Compared with the traditional small farmers, the main body of new agricultural management is mainly reflected in the integration of new knowledge, new technology, new ideas, new equipment and so on. With the expansion of the scale of operation, the new subjects generally feel the lack of knowledge and technology and the shortage of talent reserves. Large grain growers, cooperatives, and agricultural enterprises, especially business entities engaged in efficient agricultural production, on the one hand, strongly feel the need to improve their own quality, on the other hand, they are also thirsty for talents. In Qihe and Wucheng, edible fungus production is a big industry, but there is a shortage of talents. Gao Min of Fengyu Edible Fungus Co., Ltd. said that at present, the edible mushroom industry lacks practical technical talents, and there are too few edible mushroom talents in agricultural colleges and universities. At present, many employees are studying microorganisms. Although Li Chunfeng, a family farmer in Songjiang, only grows grain and raises pigs, and has participated in many trainings organized by government departments, such as wheat planting, pig raising, and soil fertilization, and obtained several certificates, he still feels that he still needs to improve his agricultural technology in order to meet the needs of farm management and development.
In recent years, my country has achieved certain results in the training of new farmers and the introduction of high-quality agricultural talents, but there is still a big gap compared with the needs of modern agricultural development. The problem of lack of agricultural successors is highlighted, and it is urgent to cultivate new agricultural business entities. To this end, we should focus on two major aspects:
first, vigorously strengthen the cultivation of new farmers.
Formulate a medium-and long-term training plan for new farmers at the national level, vigorously develop agricultural vocational education, organize various forms of agricultural technology training, and train a large number of rural applicable professionals for returning migrant workers, rural capable people, and Senior high school graduates who have failed to continue their studies. Explore the establishment of professional farmers qualification, agricultural industry access system, and constantly improve the new agricultural management system.
The second is to increase the introduction of external talent.
Innovate systems and policies in terms of government subsidies, social security, project support, financial services, land transfer, title evaluation, rising channels, social evaluation, etc., to attract innovative college graduates and professional and technical personnel with strong professional knowledge Devotion to agriculture. Career prospects and social evaluation are very important to practitioners. To attract young people and high-quality talents to join agriculture, it is necessary to accelerate the innovation of the agricultural management system, fundamentally transform the agricultural production and management methods, and make agriculture a profitable, status, promising, and dignified profession.
Effectively play the active role of the government
there are many things that new business entities need government support, but the most important thing is to protect land management rights to stabilize the production foundation, and improve agricultural socialized services to strengthen production capacity.
The government plays an irreplaceable role in the development of new business entities. In the survey, all kinds of new business entities are full of expectations for government support and positive evaluation of the government's role. There are many things that new business entities need government support, but the most important thing is to protect land management rights to stabilize the production foundation, and improve agricultural socialized services to strengthen production capacity. Specifically, the role of government should highlight the following three points:
the first is to innovate the rural land system, stabilize farmers' land expectations, and promote the stability of land transfer relations.
This is an issue of common concern to large grain growers, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, agricultural enterprises and other subjects. Songjiang District has explored to determine the land contract period of family farms to at least three years, and to extend the land operation period of family farms with the combination of planting and breeding and the integration of machine farming to more than 5 years. This still cannot eliminate the concerns of family farmers and has a long-term investment for operators. Have an impact. The land transfer contracts of some large grain growers in Shandong are as short as one sign a year, and the transfer relationship is very unstable, which is not conducive to the stable investment and sustainable development of large grain growers. Therefore, it is necessary to pass the confirmation and issuance of land rights, improve laws and regulations, implement property rights protection for farmers' land contract rights, and completely eliminate farmers' worries and concerns about the transfer of land management rights, supplemented by social security, non-agricultural employment, and transfer income Support measures in other aspects allow farmers who are unwilling to farm land to transfer out of land management rights for a long time.
The second is to appropriately strengthen guidance and support, improve the development environment of new business entities, and enhance the quality and speed of development of new business entities.
New business entities often encounter many difficulties in the early stage of development, lack of guidance in information acquisition and development planning, and need support in financing, personnel training, and material equipment. Governments at all levels should give more care and help to small and medium-sized business entities and moderate-scale business entities. In terms of agricultural land planning control and use control, agricultural infrastructure construction, and maintenance of market order, the government must truly be not absent or offside, and effectively make up for market failures.
The third is to strengthen agricultural productive services in key links, solve the problems that new business entities cannot solve or cannot solve well, and continuously enhance the development capabilities of new business entities.
A developed socialized division of labor is an important condition for improving the efficiency of economic operation. The biggest advantage of large grain growers and family farms is to do a good job in production management, and productive services in other key links can be undertaken by cooperatives, professional companies, public service institutions, and so on. such as technology promotion, agricultural material distribution, mechanical operation, unified prevention and control, drought and drainage, information services, product sales, and so on. The government needs to make overall plans, improve policies, increase investment, strengthen support, and promote the establishment of a new type of agricultural socialized service system in which public welfare institutions and business institutions cooperate with each other, guarantee strong, and operate efficiently. (Author Unit: Department of Industrial Policy and Regulations, Ministry of Agriculture)