Zhu Lizhi et al.: Recommendations on the Reform of the Agricultural Management System

Zhu Lizhi et al.: Suggestions on the Reform of Agricultural Management System

xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, pointed out in his explanation on the ''Decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reforms'' that mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes are a community of life. The lifeblood of the mountain is the soil, and the lifeblood of the soil is the tree. Use control and ecological restoration must follow the laws of nature. If the tree planting only cares about planting trees, the water control only cares about water control, and the simple protection of the field, it is easy to take care of one and lose the other, and ultimately cause systematic ecological damage. One department is responsible for the control of all land and space uses within the territory, and it is necessary to carry out unified protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes.
In recent years, my country's administrative system reform has continued to deepen, and new progress has been made in the reform of the working mechanism. However, due to many obstacles, the task of accelerating the formation of a system and mechanism that meets the requirements of scientific development is still very arduous. Similarly, although my country's agricultural management system has been reformed several times and its management functions have been gradually strengthened, due to various constraints, the new management system that adapts to the development of modern agriculture is still very imperfect. According to incomplete statistics, more than a dozen ministries (bureaus) are involved in the management of agriculture before, during and after production. Among them, in the quality and safety management of agricultural products and agricultural investment management, nearly ten ministries (banks) are involved; in the management of agricultural product processing and circulation and the management of agricultural production materials, many ministries (bureaus) are also involved. The current pace of reform of the national agricultural management system not only lags behind that of some local provinces, but also has a growing gap with the management of developed countries, and the division of departments and management are seriously out of touch, resulting in a management situation with multiple departments, cumbersome procedures, high cost and low efficiency, which has reached a critical time for in-depth reform.
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "accelerate the development of modern agriculture, enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and ensure national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products." The construction of modern agriculture has become one of the major tasks of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Modern agriculture is the necessity of the development of traditional agriculture, and it is an all-round change. From the practice at home and abroad, modern agriculture is a specialized, information-based, socialized and intensive industry with extensive and continuous application of modern science and technology, modern industrial equipment and modern management. it is a comprehensive industry with high efficiency and high efficiency that combines production, processing and sales, pre-production, mid-production and post-production, and production, life and ecology. With the multi-functionality of modern agricultural development, the state's requirements for macro-control and management of agricultural development are higher and more complex. In order to strengthen the functions of agricultural macro-management and meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets, the United States, Japan and European Union countries, as well as some newly industrialized countries and regions, have successively adjusted and reformed the agricultural management system according to the concept and construction process of modern agriculture, not only broadening the scope of management, but also strengthening management functions and means, protecting and supporting the agricultural industry in accordance with the law, and implementing all-round management of the agricultural industry chain and rural comprehensive development. At present, some provinces in China have reformed the agricultural management system, merged the provincial management office, the Department of agriculture and other relevant agricultural related institutions, and formed the Agricultural Committee, which has made a useful exploration on the road of "changing functions, straightening out relations, streamlining troops and streamlining administration, and improving efficiency.
At present, China is faced with the arduous and urgent tasks of strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and increasing farmers' income, as well as the competition of agricultural products trade with developed countries. We should reform the agricultural management system as soon as possible, and ask for efficiency and productivity from the system. In accordance with the requirements of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the spirit of seizing opportunities and advancing with the times, from a systematic, comprehensive and overall perspective, adopt institutional reforms, functional integration, and phased approach, and establish a new national Ministry of Agriculture:
(I) rationally allocate management functions and establish an efficient operation mechanism. In the cross-functional areas of agricultural production, agricultural investment, internal and external quarantine of animals and plants, quality and safety of agricultural products, processing of agricultural products, and agricultural trade negotiations, it is recommended that the national agricultural department manage them to better improve work efficiency.
(II) integrate relevant management institutions and build an efficient operation platform. Effectively reform the decentralized management model of departments, integrate the overlapping and overlapping institutions of the agricultural sector and other departments, and reduce management links and implement centralized and unified management in accordance with the principle of "one matter, one related matter, one institution. For example, with agricultural resources and environmental protection as the core, integrate water-saving irrigation, returning farmland to forest (grass, lake), soil and water conservation, wetland protection, farmland water conservancy and other functions.
(III) the construction of up and down through, vertical management of public services and support protection system. First, the law enforcement work of fishery administration, veterinary medicine, agricultural (veterinary) medicine, and the quality and safety of agricultural products shall be carried out, and a system of combining the dispatched agencies of agricultural departments with vertical management at and below the provincial level shall be implemented. The second is to comprehensively improve the inspection system composed of national inspection, provincial inspection, agricultural product inspection stations in the main production (marketing) areas and enterprise self-inspection, and accelerate the implementation of the whole process of quality control of agricultural products. The third is to rectify the certification system, strictly regulate the full certification of pollution-free agricultural products, green food, organic food and geographical indications of agricultural products, and vigorously carry out international mutual recognition. At the same time, improve the construction of law enforcement agencies to ensure the effective implementation of agricultural laws and regulations.
(IV) continued to deepen institutional reforms and actively promoted pilot projects. First, select key products for pilot management system reform. For example, the integrated management of production, processing, and circulation can be tried out for Xinjiang cotton, Guangxi sugar industry, and fisheries in coastal provinces. The second is to select some areas to implement the integrated management reform of production and marketing, trade, industry and agriculture. The third is to improve the early warning system for agricultural trade and quality safety. The fourth is to combine the integration of urban and rural areas and standardize the transfer mode of rural surplus labor force. Fifth, improve the management mechanism of new agricultural business entities. The State should formulate preferential policies in terms of finance, credit and taxation to provide necessary support.
(V), in accordance with the requirements of consistent power and responsibility, strengthen the management of the use of financial funds for supporting agriculture. It is necessary to effectively change the current situation in which my country's fiscal agricultural expenditure is managed in blocks and limited funds cannot form a joint force, adjust the structure of national fiscal agricultural expenditure, and improve the management and supervision mechanism. It is suggested that the general allocation and management principles and systems of the state financial funds for supporting agriculture should be the responsibility of the state financial department, and the specific implementation and management should be the responsibility of the national agricultural administrative department. On the basis of improving efficiency, we should make good use of financial funds to support agriculture, further strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, vigorously support the adjustment of agricultural structure, strive to promote agricultural industrialization, effectively protect and improve the comprehensive grain production capacity, improve the animal and plant quarantine and epidemic prevention system, standardize the quality standards and inspection and supervision system of agricultural products, and improve the market and information service system of agricultural products. Comprehensively strengthen agricultural scientific research and education, agricultural technology promotion and the cultivation of new professional farmers, attach great importance to the construction of agricultural ecological environment protection, accelerate the development of poverty-stricken areas, and significantly eliminate the income gap between urban and rural residents.

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